Table 1.
Mean Choroidal Thickness by Infant Systemic Factors Grouped by Demographics and Organ System
| Systemic Health Factor | No. | Choroidal Thickness (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | |||
| Birth weight (g) | |||
| <1000 (ELBW) | 43 | 202.23 ± 71.48 | |
| 1000–1500 (VLBW) | 37 | 259.91 ± 72.28 | |
| >1500–2500 (LBW) | 2 | 318.89 ± 45.55 | <0.001 |
| Body length at birth (cm) | |||
| Mean ± SD, 34.80 ± 3.93 | 81 | 229.87 ± 77.18 | 0.42 |
| Gestational age (wks) | |||
| <28 (extremely preterm) | 38 | 206.05 ± 70.00 | |
| 28–32 (very preterm) | 40 | 253.83 ± 78.79 | |
| >32–37 (preterm) | 4 | 241.93 ± 78.13 | 0.01 |
| Growth velocity (g/kg/day) | |||
| Mean ± SD, 12.50 ± 4.18 | 80 | 231.64 ± 78.35 | <0.001 |
| Head circumference at birth (cm) | |||
| Mean ± SD, 24.58 ± 2.38 | 82 | 229.87 ± 77.18 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 39 | 227.95 ± 84.38 | |
| Male | 43 | 233.97 ± 71.61 | 0.73 |
| Weight at 36 wks (g) | |||
| <1000 | 12 | 151.33 ± 56.21 | |
| 1000–1500 | 22 | 198.20 ± 54.30 | |
| >1500 | 47 | 266.88 ± 70.66 | 0.15 |
| Cardiac | |||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | |||
| No | 44 | 246.97 ± 84.52 | |
| Yes | 38 | 212.73 ± 64.86 | 0.05 |
| Treated patent ductus arteriosus | |||
| No | 57 | 234.46 ± 84.82 | |
| Yes | 25 | 223.45 ± 58.34 | 0.56 |
| Hematologic | |||
| Received erythropoietin | |||
| No | 63 | 231.06 ± 79.60 | |
| Yes | 19 | 231.25 ± 72.22 | 0.99 |
| Transfused packed red blood cells | |||
| No | 21 | 260.49 ± 85.88 | |
| Yes | 62 | 221.63 ± 72.85 | 0.05 |
| Hyperinflammatory response | |||
| Sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis | |||
| No | 67 | 239.70 ± 77.62 | |
| Yes | 15 | 192.73 ± 66.56 | 0.03 |
| Neurologic | |||
| Apgar score at 5 min | |||
| 0–6 (abnormal) | 32 | 235.01 ± 80.45 | |
| 7–10 (reassuring) | 50 | 228.61 ± 76.30 | 0.33 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, or ventriculomegaly | |||
| No | 29 | 232.27 ± 72.86 | |
| Yes | 53 | 230.47 ± 80.62 | 0.92 |
| Pulmonary | |||
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | |||
| No | 71 | 238.55 ± 79.61 | |
| Yes | 11 | 183.05 ± 37.02 | 0.03 |
| Days receiving oxygen support | |||
| 0–7 | 46 | 250.86 ± 80.58 | |
| 8–28 | 20 | 228.92 ± 62.14 | |
| >28 | 16 | 177.04 ± 61.26 | <0.001 |
| Receiving oxygen support at time of OCT imaging | |||
| No | 62 | 251.15 ± 73.12 | |
| Yes | 20 | 168.99 ± 55.49 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary interstitial emphysema | |||
| No | 68 | 242.72 ± 75.02 | |
| Yes | 14 | 174.69 ± 65.66 | 0.002 |
| Receiving oxygen support at 36 wks’ PMA | |||
| No | 63 | 248.13 ± 75.63 | |
| Yes | 19 | 174.67 ± 54.40 | <0.001 |
| Surfactant administration | |||
| No | 23 | 250.15 ± 66.29 | |
| Yes | 59 | 223.68 ± 80.78 | 0.17 |
ELBW = extremely low birth weight; LBW = low birth weight; PMA = postmenstrual age; SD = standard deviation; VLBW = very low birth weight.
Averages for select continuous variables are presented in bins according to commonly used categories by the World Health Organization to represent average choroidal thickness trends.21, 22 All P values were generated using a univariate linear regression model.
Statistically significant P values are bolded.