Table 3.

Generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) for the heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure. For each model, the coefficient representing the intercept of the data and its significance is shown. The sampling frequency is 12 samples/min for heart rate (t(59,951)) and respiration rate (t(59,951)), and 0.5 samples/min for blood pressure (t(2502)). Intercept data has no practical meaning as the model could not be set to zero^48,49. Abbreviations: standard error (SE), confidence interval (CI), test statistic with sample size used for the predictions in the model (t( )), proportion of the t distribution at that df which is greater than the absolute value of your t statistic (PR( >|t|)). Significant p-values are in bold.

	Coefficient	SE	95% CI	t	Pr( >|t|)
Heart rate
Audiovisual (intercept)	− 6.142	2.115	[− 10.29, − 2.00]	− 2.904	0.004
Auditory only	0.210	0.052	[0.11, 0.31]	4.051	< 0.001
Visual only	− 0.034	0.052	[− 0.14, 0.07]	− 0.648	0.517
Control	0.780	0.052	[0.68, 0.88]	14.960	< 0.001
Age	0.013	0.026	[− 0.04, 0.06]	0.509	0.610
Sex	0.392	0.805	[− 1.18, 1.97]	0.487	0.626
Respiration rate
Audiovisual (intercept)	− 5.391	4.661	[− 14.53, 3.74]	− 1.157	0.247
Auditory only	− 0.717	0.111	[− 0.93, − 0.05]	− 6.488	< 0.001
Visual only	− 1.184	0.111	[− 1.40, − 0.97]	− 10.707	< 0.001
Control	1.191	0.111	[0.97, 1.41]	0.700	< 0.001
Age	− 0.020	0.057	[− 0.13, 0.09]	− 0.345	0.730
Sex	0.734	1.773	[− 2.74, 4.21]	0.414	0.679
Blood pressure
Audiovisual (intercept)	− 0.634	3.076	[− 6.67, 5.40]	− 0.206	0.837
Auditory only	1.770	0.257	[1.27, 2.27]	6.883	< 0.001
Visual only	0.703	0.257	[0.20, 1.21]	2.734	0.006
Control	1.272	0.257	[0.77, 1.78]	4.953	< 0.001
Age	− 0.030	0.038	[− 0.10, 0.04]	− 0.786	0.432
Sex	− 1.589	1.169	[− 3.88, 0.70]	− 1.360	0.174