Table 2. North Carolina tropical cyclone and control year metrics 2010–2020.
| Year | Name/ Treatment | Impact Date | ACE-NC | Winds (kt) | Gusts (kt) | Storm Surge (m) | Rainfall (cm) | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | TS Earl | 3-Sep | 2.59 | 25.27 | 30.71 | 0.17 | 1.25 | Intensity |
| 2011 | Irene | 27-Aug | 5.09 | 33.82 | 46.07 | 0.88 | 22.23 | mBACI, Comm, Intensity |
| 2012 | TS Beryl | 30-May | 1.12 | 26.24 | 31.49 | 0.14 | 7.34 | Reg |
| 2013 | No Storm | 14-Sep | mBACI, Comm | |||||
| 2014 | Arthur | 4-Jul | 5.47 | 46.85 | 60.26 | 0.73 | 5.13 | BACI |
| 2015 | No Storm | 4-Jul, 6-Sep | mBACI, Comm BACI (v. Arthur) | |||||
| 2016 | TS Hermine | 3-Sep | 1.27 | 25.66 | 34.41 | 0.44 | 1.65 | Intensity (short-term) |
| 2016 | Matthew | 9-Oct | 4.23 | 38.88 | 57.15 | 0.64 | 3.33 | BACI |
| 2017 | No Storm | 8-Aug, 9-Oct | mBACI, Comm BACI (v. Matthew) | |||||
| 2018 | Florence | 14-Sep | 12.44 | 51.32 | 71.53 | 1.45 | 29.19 | BACI, Comm, Intensity |
| 2018 | Michael | 11-Oct | 2.63 | 34.76 | 46.51 | 0.27 | 0.91 | Int (short-term) |
| 2019 | Dorian | 6-Sep | 3.79 | -- | 73.86♠ | 0.63 | 14.30 | mBACI, Comm, Intensity |
| 2020 | Isaias | 4-Aug | 1.59 | 42.36 | 52.28 | 0.32 | 3.40 | mBACI, Comm, Intensity |
Characteristics of tropical cyclones and no-storm years used in the listed analyses. Impact date represents date of first arrival of tropical storm force winds. For no storm years/treatments, dummy impact dates were assigned in order to bisect data into time periods and chosen to generally align with observed stormfall dates. ACE-NC = Accumulated Cyclone Energy calculated for the span of time in which the cyclone directly impacted North Carolina. TS = tropical storm as defined by the Saffir Simpson wind scale. Unless otherwise stated, analyses examined both short-term and seasonal time frames. mBACI = multiple Before-After-Control-Impact analysis of Hurricanes Irene, Florence, Dorian, and Isaias, BACI = individual comparison of either Hurricane Matthew or Hurricane Arthur against a single no-storm year, Comm = community structure analyses, Intensity = tobit or linear regression of change versus ACE-NC of all cyclones of tropical storm strength or greater.
Water levels, winds, and gusts were obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Station 8656483: Beaufort, Duke Marine Lab, North Carolina, USA (34°42’58"N 76°40’15"W). This station records 6 min. intervals for water levels & wind speeds; maximum recorded values are reported. Storm surge is calculated as the difference between predicted and measured tide. Rainfall data obtained from NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Station 315830 in Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (34°42’58"N 76°40’15"W) (NOAA n.d., accessed 3 Feb 2021).
♠ Wind speeds were not available from the Station 8656483 for much of 2019 (i.e., Hurricane Dorian). Value reported obtained from the NOAA Citizen Weather Observer Program in Beaufort, North Carolina, USA.