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. 2022 Aug 15;2:100929. doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2022.100929

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© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — A: Bar graphs, illustrating that 71% (n = 384/543) of the survey respondents have participated in a training course using conventional training methods (such as cadaver training) within the last three years, either as participants or faculty. Fig. 2B: However, only the minority (n = 204, 38%) participated in a training course that employed modern training methods (such as VR/AR-based or simulator-based models). There was one respondent with missing data for both questions. VR: virtual reality; AR: augmented reality.