Table 2.

Responses to the question, which techniques are offered in-house for training (multiple responses were possible). Results are presented as count (percent). ∗ A detailed list of other training modalities is provided in the appendix.

None	221 (40.7%)
Augmented or virtual reality (AR/VR; e.g., Surgical Theater, HoloLens, etc.)	54 (9.9%)
Virtual reality (VR)-based simulators (e.g., Dextroscope, Neurotouch, etc.)	26 (4.8%)
Spinal model-based simulators (e.g., Realspine, etc.)	41 (7.6%)
Cranial model-based simulators (e.g., Brainbox, etc.)	53 (9.8%)
Cadaver training	150 (27.6%)
Others∗	32 (5.9%)
Total:	N=543 (100%)