Table 5.
Comparison between LMICs & HICs. Competitiveness and mentorship availability were graded on a scale of 1–10 with increasing values denoting increasing competitiveness and mentorship availability. Weekly work hours was an ordinal variable with the following values: 1 = 0–10, 2 = 10–20, 3 = 20–30, 4 = 30–40, 5 = 40–50, 6 = 50–60, 7 = 60–70, 8 = 70–80, 9=>80. Number of annual procedures was an ordinal variable with the following values: 1=<50, 2 = 50–100, 3 = 100–200, 4 = 200–300, 5 = 300–400, 6 = 400–500, 7=>500. Research availability, dissection lab availability, and subspecialty training availability were all categorical variables with 1 = yes and 2 = no.
| Variable | Income Group | Mean (SD) | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | Mann-Whitney U | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Competitiveness | LMIC | 7.8 (2.4) | 92.8 | 14568 | 2165 | 0.473 |
| HIC | 7.8 (3.0) | 100.3 | 3010 | |||
| Mentorship Availability | LMIC | 4.7 (2.6) | 91.2 | 14408 | 1847 | 0.162 |
| HIC | 5.4 (2.2) | 106.5 | 2983 | |||
| Weekly Work Hours | LMIC | 7.5 (1.9) | 61.8 | 5931 | 645 | 0.016 |
| HIC | 6.5 (2) | 42.8 | 855 | |||
| Number of Annual Procedures | LMIC | 5.3 (1.9) | 59 | 5659.5 | 628.5 | 0.122 |
| HIC | 4.4 (2.3) | 46 | 781.5 | |||
| Research Availability | LMIC | 1.3 (0.5) | 59.4 | 5763 | 930 | 0.692 |
| HIC | 1.2 (0.4) | 57 | 1140 | |||
| Dissection Lab Availability | LMIC | 1.8 (0.5) | 60.3 | 5846.5 | 846.5 | 0.262 |
| HIC | 1.7 (0.6) | 52.8 | 1056.5 | |||
| Subspecialty Training Availability | LMIC | 1.8 (0.7) | 104 | 16946.5 | 1798.5 | 0.001 |
| HIC | 1.3 (0.5) | 71.5 | 2359.5 |