Table 5. Associations between presenteeism and absence due to injury or disease in men and women with or without adjustment for confounding variables.
| Variables | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | ||
| Injury absence | |||||||
| Presenteeism | |||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 3.387 (2.532–4.530) | 3.204 (2.391–4.293) | 3.035 (2.258–4.081) | 1.115 (0.499–2.490) | 1.336 (0.588–3.032) | 1.322 (0.577–3.028) | |
| Disease absence | |||||||
| Presenteeism | |||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 5.990 (4.747–7.559) | 5.740 (4.543–7.253) | 5.508 (4.340–6.989) | 3.601 (2.388–5.430) | 3.629 (2.405–5.475) | 3.629 (2.405–5.475) | |
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.
aORs were calculated by logistic regression analysis for absence due to injury or disease after adjusting for age, chronic disease, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
bORs were calculated by logistic regression analysis for absence due to injury or disease after adjustment for age, chronic disease, smoking, alcohol consumption, industry classification, and workplace size.