Table 2.
Between-Person Differences in Disordered Eating Variables across COVID-19 Definitions
| COVID-19 Definitions and Statistics | Global DE | Binge Eating (contin.) | Binge Eating (OR) | Compens Behav (contin.) | Compens Behav (OR) | Restraint/Dieting (contin.) | Dieting (OR) | Wt/Shape Concerns | PF Liking/Wanting | Whole Foods Liking/Wanting | Hunger | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Median ES | −.018 | .292 | 4.649 | .255 | 1.200 | .072 | .976 | .009 | .299 | .093 | .248 |
| 95% CIs | −.47, .40 | −.04,.61 | 1.50, 16.05 | −.16, .60 | .35, 5.44 | −.31, .43 | .29, 2.27 | −.45, .35 | −.06, .70 | −.24, .46 | −.11, .61 | |
| Median p-value | .677 | .076 | .017 | .220 | .417 | .719 | .955 | .606 | .101 | .580 | .177 | |
| % p < .05 | 0% | 25% | 100% | 0% | 11% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 31% | 0% | 0% | |
| Avg Z-score | −.153 | 1.641 | 2.663 | 1.235 | .661 | .307 | −.153 | −.010 | 1.564 | .515 | 1.317 | |
|
1st US
Case |
Median ES | .142 | .383 | 4.276 | .196 | 1.663 | .078 | .976 | .024 | .299 | .093 | .250 |
| 95% CIs | −.27, .56 | .01, .70 | 1.55, 12.38 | −.11, .50 | .47, 3.44 | −.25, .40 | .42, 2.27 | −.30, .35 | −.03, .62 | −.24, .42 | −.05, .55 | |
| Median p-value | .537 | .055 | .010 | .214 | .412 | .647 | .955 | .459 | .072 | .580 | .107 | |
| % p < .05 | 0% | 50% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | -- | 0% | 44% | 0% | -- | |
| Avg Z-score | .635 | 1.780 | 2.865 | .677 | .857 | .480 | −.060 | .232 | 1.792 | .510 | 1.610 | |
| 1st State Case | Median ES | −.154 | .220 | 4.756 | .223 | 1.050 | .068 | .806 | −.124 | .316 | .178 | .248 |
| 95% CIs | −.53, .23 | −.16, .60 | 1.47, 16.05 | −.14, .59 | .35, 5.44 | −.31, .44 | .29, 2.22 | −.50, .25 | −.06, .70 | −.20, .55 | −.11, .61 | |
| Median p-value | .426 | .253 | .021 | .316 | .417 | .732 | .677 | .519 | .101 | .362 | .177 | |
| % p < .05 | 0% | 25% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | -- | 0% | 31% | 0% | -- | |
| Avg Z-score | −.800 | 1.450 | 2.620 | 1.210 | .407 | .350 | −.420 | −.630 | 1.455 | .820 | 1.350 | |
| SHO | Median ES | −.018 | .411 | 5.685 | .283 | 1.260 | .021 | 1.010 | .009 | .316 | .033 | .227 |
| 95% CIs | −.47, .43 | −.04, .86 | 1.41, 25.27 | −.17, .73 | .34, 8.62 | −.44, .48 | .29, 3.46 | −.45, .46 | −.14, .77 | −.42, .49 | −.22, .68 | |
| Median p-value | .937 | .076 | .019 | .220 | .727 | .930 | .987 | .606 | .177 | .833 | .321 | |
| % p < .05 | 0% | 25% | 100% | 0% | 33% | 0% | -- | 0% | 19% | 0% | -- | |
| Avg Z-score | −.080 | 1.810 | 2.505 | 1.240 | .720 | .090 | .020 | .200 | 1.444 | .215 | .990 | |
Note. DE = disordered eating; contin = continuous scores; OR = odds ratio; Compens Behav = compensatory behaviors; Wt = weight; PF = palatable food; Avg = average; All = analyses across all COVID-19 definitions; SHO = stay-at-home orders; ES = effect size; 1st US Case N = 335 pre-COVID, 67 post-COVID; 1st State Case N = 362 pre-COVID, 40 post-COVID; SHO N = 380 pre-COVID, 22 post-COVID. Variables included in each category are described in Table 1. A dashed line “--” indicates that no value is available for this cell, as the category only has one score; the ES, 95% CIs, p-values, and Z-scores are the observed values for this score.