Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence limits (CL) for low back pain associated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, n=503

	Minimally adjusted model(a)			Partially adjusted model(b)			Fully adjusted model(c)
	OR	95% CL	P	OR	95% CL	P	OR	95% CL	P
n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio	1.64	1.11, 2.44	0.013	1.67	1.11, 2.52	0.014	1.63	1.07, 2.49	0.022
Age, y
18–29	Ref			Ref			Ref
30–39	1.52	0.82, 2.82	0.183	1.45	0.78, 2.70	0.242	1.45	0.78, 2.71	0.239
40–49	2.26	1.24, 4.09	0.007	2.04	1.11, 3.75	0.022	2.02	1.10, 3.72	0.024
50–74	2.24	1.13, 4.43	0.020	2.00	1.00, 3.99	0.050	2.00	1.00, 4.00	0.051
Sex
Men	Ref			Ref			Ref
Women	0.81	0.52, 1.26	0.358	0.78	0.50, 1.22	0.275	0.79	0.51, 1.24	0.311
Race(d)
White				Ref			Ref
Black/African American				0.94	0.54, 1.64	0.840	0.95	0.55, 1.66	0.866
Other				0.93	0.45, 1.90	0.841	0.92	0.45, 1.89	0.828
Obesity
Not obese (BMI <30 kg/m2)				Ref			Ref
Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)				1.71	1.10, 2.66	0.017	1.72	1.10, 2.68	0.017
Linoleic acid 18:2n-6 (z-score)							0.76	0.46, 1.25	0.278
α-linolenic acid 18:3n-3 (z-score)							1.26	0.79, 1.99	0.333
Intercept	0.12	0.06, 0.25	<0.001	0.10	0.05, 0.22	<0.001	0.10	0.05, 0.24	<0.001

^(a)Model adjusted for study site (not shown), age and sex

^(b)Model additionally adjusted race/ethnicity and obesity

^(c)Model additionally adjusted for the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid

^(d)Racial groups are White; Black/African American; or Other (Asian; Native American; Other or multiple races; Not stated. Includes Hispanic ethnicity).