FIGURE 4.

Recent advances in oligodendrocytes (OL) and Schwann cell (SC) development. (a) Advanced techniques such as longitudinal two‐photon imaging and serial electron microscopy have directly implicated experience‐modifying paradigms in modulating key aspects of myelin formation and remodeling. Emerging evidence has also increasingly revealed the crucial role of OL lineage cells in higher central nervous system (CNS) function. (b) Continuous communication between myelinating cells and neurons occurs in vivo: Neuronal activity induces changes in myelin and vice versa. While these have been demonstrated in both the CNS and PNS, recent evidence suggests distinct pathways in each.