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. 2022 Jul 27;50(18):10201–10211. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac576

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — EF-Tu driven selenocysteine incorporation. (A) Cloverleaf structures of E. coli tRNA^Ser, tRNA^supD (the amber suppressor of tRNA^Ser) and tRNA^UTu1. Residues are colored as follows: acceptor arm (green), D-arm (purple), anticodon arm (red), variable arm (blue), and T-arm (gold). (B) Translation schematic of EF-Tu driven selenocysteine incorporation with tRNA^UTu1. tRNA^UTu1 is first serylated by seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) to generate Ser-tRNA^UTu1. Selenocysteine synthase (SelA) converts the serine to selenocysteine to generate Sec-tRNA^UTu1. Aminoacylated tRNA^UTu1 (including Ser-tRNA^UTu1 which is misincorporated) are substrates for EF-Tu, inserting at the UAG codon for continued translation.