Table 6.

Protective effect of astragaloside IV on kidney disease

Disease categories	Study object/model	Effect induced by autophagy	Mechanism (targets or pathways)	Ref.
Chronic glomerular nephritis	Cationic bovine serum in rats	(+) Kidney function, (-) kidney lesion, (-) inflammatory, (+) autophagy	(-) The activation of PI3K/AKT/AS160 pathway	Lu et al[46]
Diabetic kidney disease	A high-fat diet in the diabetic KK-Ay mice	(+) Renal function and morphology by (+) autophagy	(-) MC activation through the SIRT1-NF-κB pathway	Wang et al[47]

KK-Ay: Spontaneous diabetes; MC: Mesangial cell.