Figure 7.

Three compounds, Tnf, glutamate, and iron, present at high concentrations in the IR retina, are likely to promote at least necroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos, leading to significant RGC death. (A) The necroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos signaling cascades are interconnected with each other and, in the presence of Tnf, glutamate, and iron, they can be started simultaneously with high efficiency. (B, C) Since iron is already present in RGCs, intravitreal injection of both Tnf (TNF) and glutamate (NMDA) is sufficient to cause significant damage to the naïve retina.