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. 2022 Oct 13;13:6045. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33773-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Representative scotopic ERG a- and b-waveforms, showing response to a 0 log₁₀ cd·s/m² stimulus luminance after overnight dark adaptation. Scotopic (b) a-wave and (c) b-wave amplitudes were decreased in diabetic Akt2^fl/fl mice compared to nondiabetic controls. These changes were partially rescued in RPE-specific Akt2 cKO diabetic mice. d Representative photopic ERG waveforms response to a 1 log₁₀ cd·s/m² stimulus luminance after light adaptation. e Induction of diabetes decreased the photopic b-wave amplitude in diabetic Akt2^fl/fl mice, which was rescued in RPE-specific Akt2 cKO diabetic mice. f Representative ERG c-waveforms. (g) Diabetes decreased the c-wave amplitude in Akt2^fl/fl mice compared to nondiabetic animals, which was partially mitigated in Akt2 cKO diabetic mice. In (b, c, e, g), n = 6 mice for each group, the data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001 shows changes between diabetic Akt2^fl/fl and Akt2^fl/fl nondiabetic control. ^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01 represents changes between diabetic Akt2 cKO and diabetic Akt2^fl/fl mice. ^#p < 0.05 represents changes of diabetic Akt2 cKO versus nondiabetic Akt2 cKO mice. Statistical test used in (b, c, e) is Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, and in (g) is One-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. Exact p values are: b At −1 log₁₀ cd*s/m², p = 0.0116 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N); At 0 log₁₀ cd*s/m², p = 0.0017 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0357 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D), p = 0.0244 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 cKO N). c p = 0.0065 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.037 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). e p = 0.0247 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0046 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). g p < 0.0001 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0039 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). N nondiabetic, D diabetic, cKO conditional knockout.