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. 2022 Oct 13;13:6045. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33773-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Representative micrographs of retinal vessels from diabetic mice (8 months of diabetes) and age-matched nondiabetic mice. Arrows indicate degenerated capillaries and arrowheads indicate capillary pericytes. Scale bar: 100 µm. b Diabetes increased the number of degenerated capillaries and (c) decreased the number of retinal capillary pericytes in diabetic Akt2^fl/fl mice compared to nondiabetic animals. RPE-specific Akt2 cKO partially rescued this degeneration. d Representative micrographs of retinal sections after mice were intravenously injected with FITC-albumin. Scale bar: 100 µm. e Average fluorescence intensity was quantified from a large area of INL, IPL, and OPL, excluding obvious microvessels. RPE-specific Akt2 cKO reduced the diabetes-induced accumulation of FITC-BSA in the OPL, INL, and IPL of mouse retina compared to diabetic Akt2^fl/fl mice. In (b, c, e), n = 6 mice for each group, the data are expressed as mean ± SD. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 versus Akt2^fl/fl nondiabetic control (N). ^†p < 0.05; ^††p < 0.01; ^†††p < 0.0001 versus Akt2^fl/fl diabetic mice (D). Statistical test used in (b, c, e) is One-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. Exact p values are: b p < 0.0001 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0096 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). c p = 0.0008 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0187 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). e OPL, p = 0.0046 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0388 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D); INL, p = 0.0002 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0087 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). IPL, p < 0.0001 (Akt2 ^fl/fl D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl N), p = 0.0009 (Akt2 cKO D vs. Akt2 ^fl/fl D). cKO conditional knockout, IPL inner plexiform layer, INL inner nuclear layer, OPL outer plexiform layer.