Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of study participants.
| Variables | Median [range] or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67 [34–93] |
| Sex | |
| Male | 121 (60) |
| Female | 81 (40) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 3.5 |
| Tumor location | |
| High | 98 (49) |
| Low | 104 (51) |
| Operative approach | |
| Open | 22 (11) |
| Laparoscopic | 180 (89) |
| cT classification | |
| cT1–2 | 85 (42) |
| cT3–4 | 117 (58) |
| cStage | |
| I | 67 (33) |
| II | 51 (25) |
| III | 84 (42) |
| CEA (ng/mL) | 3.4 [0.7–332.5] |
| Preoperative treatment | |
| None | 167 (83) |
| nCRT | 29 (14) |
| NAC | 6 (3) |
| Operation time (minutes) | 301 [53–996] |
| Blood loss (mL) | 25 [0–900] |
| Histology | |
| Well/mod, papillary | 188 (93) |
| Poor, mucinous | 9 (5) |
| pT classification | |
| pT0–2 | 101 (50) |
| pT3–4 | 101 (50) |
| pN classification | |
| Positive | 56 (28) |
| Negative | 146 (72) |
| Complications ≥ Clavien‒Dindo grade II | |
| Infection | 23 (13) |
| Anastomotic leakage | 10 (6) |
| Ileus | 9 (5) |
| Anastomotic bleeding | 4 (2) |
| Others | 6 (3) |
| Adjuvant treatment | 72 (36) |
BMI body mass index, cT clinical stage based on tumor size and spread of cancer to nearby tissue, cStage clinical stage of cancer, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, nCRT neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, NAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy, well/mod well-differentiated/moderately-differentiated, poor poorly-differentiated, pT pathological stage based on tumor size and spread of cancer to nearby tissue, pN pathological stage based on spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes.