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. 2022 Aug 28;9(29):2203291. doi: 10.1002/advs.202203291

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Typical methods of the physical removal of biofilms. A) Non‐thermo plasma. Reproduced with permission.[ 213 ] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. B) Microbubbles. Reproduced with permission.[ 227 ] Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. C) Photothermal therapy. Reproduced with permission.[ 236 ] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. D) Ultrasound transducer. Reproduced with permission.[ 241 ] Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology. E) Magnetically driven active topography. Reproduced with permission.[ 247 ] Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. F) Catalytic antimicrobial robots. Reproduced with permission.[ 257 ] Copyright 2019, American Association of the Advancement of Science. G) Electrical stimulation. Reproduced with permission.[ 260 ] Copyright 2015, Springer Nature. H) Pulsed electric fields. Reproduced with permission.[ 263 ] Copyright 2016, Wiley‐VCH.