Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study identifier | Country | Population description | n PAP | Age (years) | Female % | Severity criteria | Non-mild (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu-El-Haija (13) | USA | First PAP | 165 | DIAP: 13.7 (7.5–15.8); non–DIAP: 13.5 (10.0–15.9) | 52.7 | NASPGHAN | 20.0 |
| Antunes (14) | Portugal | PAP | 37 | NA | 59.5 | revised Atlanta | 24.3 |
| Berney (15) | Italy | PAP | 24 | 10.8 (1–15)† | 57.1 | OF, ICU | 20.8 |
| Bierma et al. (16) | Australia, Netherlands | PAP | 175 | 12.5 (9.2–15.6) | 48.6 | OF, ICU, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 28.6 |
| Birimberg-Schwartz (17) | Canada | First PAP | 223 | 11 ± 4.8 | 50.2 | NASPGHAN | 16.1 |
| Boskovic (18) | Serbia | First PAP | 36 | 10.1 ± 4.7 | 58.3 | revised Atlanta | 44.4 |
| Chang et al. (19) | Taiwan | First PAP | 180 | 8.2 (0.2–17) | 56.1 | Atlanta | 28.3 |
| Coffey et al. (20) derivation cohort | Australia | PAP | 73 | 11.6 (8.0–13.7) | 37.0 | OF, ICU, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 34.2 |
| Coffey et al. (20) validation cohort | Australia | PAP | 58 | 15.1 (11.2–17.2) | 60.3 | OF, ICU, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 24.1 |
| DeBanto et al. (21) criterion group | USA | PAP ≤ 16 years | 202 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | NA | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 19.8 |
| DeBanto et al. (21) validation group | USA | PAP ≤ 16 years | 99 | 9.4 ± 1.5 | NA | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 12.1 |
| Fabre et al. (22) | France | First PAP | 48 | 10.8 (2.1–19.5)† | 47.9 | Atlanta | 27.1 |
| Farrel et al. (23) | USA | First PAP | 73 | NA | 64.4 | NASPGHAN | 30.1 |
| Farrel et al. (23) derivation cohort | USA | First PAP | 46 | 13.7 (9.1–16.2) | 47.8 | NASPGHAN | 21.7 |
| Farrel et al. (23) validation cohort | USA | First PAP | 25 | 14.2 (11.1–17.3) | 48.0 | NASPGHAN | 24.0 |
| Fonseca Sepúlveda (24) | Colombia | PAP | 130 | 11.4 ± 3.8 | 62.3 | Atlanta | 29.2 |
| Galai et al. (25) | Israel | PAP ≥ 6 month follow–up | 117 | 13.2 (7.0–15.9) | 52.1 | revised Atlanta | 12.8 |
| Guerrero-Lozano (26) | Colombia | PAP | 30 | NA | NA | revised Atlanta | NA |
| Hao (27) | China | PAP | 159 | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 46.2 | revised Atlanta | 53.5 |
| Hashimoto et al. (28) | Japan | PAP | 37 | 6 (5–12) | 59.5 | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 56.8 |
| Hornung (29) | USA | First PAP | 176 | NA | NA | NASPGHAN | 22.2 |
| Izquierdo et al. (30) | Colombia | PAP, CECT within 48h | 30 | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 73.3 | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 33.3 |
| Izquierdo et al. (30) | Colombia | PAP | 130 | mild: 12 (7–17); M/SPAP: 11 (3–18) | 62.3 | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 29.2 |
| Kandula (31) | USA | First PAP, ≤ 3 years | 87 | 1.7 (0–2.9)† | 48.3 | OF, local complications, death | 3.8 |
| Kaur et al. (32) | India | PAP | 134 | 11.9% <5; 34.3% 5–10; 40.3% 10–15; 13.4% 15–20 | NA | NASPGHAN | 42.5 |
| APPLE (33–38) | mostly Hungary | PAP | 45 | 11.7 (3–18)† | 48.9 | revised Atlanta | 13.3 |
| Lautz et al. (39) | USA | PAP | 211 | 10.9 ± 4.9 | 47.9 | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 26.5 |
| Li (40) | China | First PAP, CECT on admission | 107 | 9.3 (2.1–15.3) | 45.8 | revised Atlanta | 25.2 |
| Mehta (41) | USA | PAP | 121 | 12.1 ± 4.6 | 60.3 | NA | 17.4 |
| Nauka et al. (42) | USA | PAP | 79 | 14 (9.5–16) | 41.8 | NASPGHAN | 21.5 |
| Orkin (43) | USA | First PAP ≤ 21 years | 114 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Parian (44) | Philippines | PAP | 28 | 11.5 ± 4.1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Pezzili et al. (45) | Italy | PAP | 50 | 10.5 (2–17)† | 50.0 | Atlanta | 18.0 |
| Sag (46) | Turkey | First PAP | 63 | 9.6 ± 4.8 | 50.8 | NASPGHAN | 46.0 |
| Sánchez-Ramírez (47) | Mexico | PAP | 55 | 10.5 ± 1.6 | 49.1 | NA | NA |
| Suzuki et al. (48) criterion group | Japan | PAP (but 2–fold enzyme elevation) | 145 | 7.3 (0.8–17)‡ | 60.7 | OF, local complications, need for pancreatic surgery, death | 6.9 |
| Suzuki et al. (49) validation group | Japan | PAP (but 2–fold enzyme elevation) | 131 | 7.7 ± 4.3 | 51.9 | revised Atlanta | 9.9 |
| Szabo et al. (50) derivation group | USA | PAP ≤ 21 years | 284 | 12.7 ± 4.9 | 50.0 | ICU, local complications, respiratory complications (OF, oedema, pleural effusion), need for pancreatic surgery, death | 19.0 |
| Szabo et al. (50) validation group | USA | PAP ≤ 21 years | 165 | 12.9 ± 5.2 | 58.2 | NA | |
| Thavamani et al. (51) | USA | PAP ≤ 21 years (CP excluded) | 39,805 | 15.2 ± 4.7 | 59.2 | revised Atlanta | 4.0 |
| Vitale et al. (52) | USA | First PAP ≤ 21 years | 118 | mild: 13.5 (10.2–15.9); M/SPAP: 13.8 (7.9–15.9) | 47.5 | NASPGHAN | 18.6 |
| Walker et al. (53) | UK | First PAP | 59 | 13 (0.1–17)† | 50.9 | revised Atlanta | 37.3 |
| Wetherill (54) | UK | First PAP | 37 | 14 (4–17)† | 48.7 | OF, local complications | 35.1 |
| Zheng et al. (55) | China | PAP | 111 | 8.2 ± 3.3 | 53.2 | NASPGHAN | 13.5 |
Age is given as mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated. †, median (range); ‡, mean (range). In the severity criteria column; most commonly “NASPGHAN” (2017 North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology; Hepatology; and Nutrition Pancreas Committee criteria); “Atlanta” (1992 Atlanta classification) and “revised Atlanta” (2012 revision of the Atlanta classification) are given; if not; the factors are provided based on which cases were classified as non-mild. CECT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography; CP, chronic pancreatitis; DIAP, drug-induced acute pancreatitis; h, hours; ICU, intensive care unit admission; M/SPAP, moderate or severe pediatric acute pancreatitis; n, total number; NA, not available; OF, organ failure; PAP, pediatric acute pancreatitis.