Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| SVD n = 51 | Baseline | Follow-up | p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | |||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 64.69 ± 6.53 | / | / |
| Gender ratio (male %) | 84.31% | / | / |
| Education years (mean ± SD) | 10.10 ± 2.18 | / | / |
| Risk factors | |||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 37.25% | / | / |
| Hypertension (%) | 78.43% | / | / |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 21.60% | / | / |
| Cigarette smoking (%) | 50.98% | / | / |
| Neuropsychological tests | |||
| MoCA | 23.45 ± 3.80 | 22.86 ± 4.25 | 0.244 |
| MMSE | 27.75 ± 1.98 | 27.49 ± 2.61 | 0.476 |
| TMT-A | 81.96 ± 38.14 | 76.94 ± 49.77 | 0.346 |
| TMT-B | 188.98 ± 76.37 | 174.16 ± 70.44 | 0.024 |
| Stroop C-T | 109.53 ± 50.26 | 102.43 ± 43.87 | 0.237 |
| VFT | 14.59 ± 3.51 | 14.33 ± 4.00 | 0.604 |
| AVLT-short | 5.06 ± 2.05 | 5.41 ± 2.26 | 0.215 |
| AVLT-long | 4.33 ± 2.71 | 5.35 ± 4.81 | 0.054 |
| BNT | 23.55 ± 3.40 | 23.80 ± 3.76 | 0.513 |
| Rey-O copy | 32.41 ± 6.09 | 32.92 ± 5.46 | 0.631 |
| Mean follow-up time in years, (mean ± SD) | / | 1.19 ± 0.42 | / |
SVD, small vessel disease; SD, standard deviation; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TMT-A, Trail-Making Tests A; TMT-B, Trail-Making Tests B; Stroop C-T, Stroop color-word test C; VFT, category Verbal Fluency Test; AVLT-short, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test of short-delay free recall; AVLT-long, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test of long-delay free recall; BNT, Boston naming test (30 items); Rey-O copy, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (copy).
p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (highlighted in bold).