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. 2022 Sep 30;16:1013624. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1013624

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Copyright © 2022 Kohler, Mei, Banneke, Winter, Endres and Emmrich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spatial working and reference memory performance of mice following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injection in the refined radial arm maze (RAM) during working memory paradigm (A,B) and combined working/reference memory paradigm (C–F) and in the classic RAM during working memory paradigm (G,H) and combined working/reference memory paradigm (I–L). Refined RAM: (A) Average number of working memory errors per animal per day (re-entries into an arm which had already been visited during a session) during the working memory paradigm; (B) Correct entries ratio (all arms visited) during the working memory paradigm; the ratio expresses the fact that the animals reached the maximum number of correct entries in most of the sessions (also in panel E); (C) Average number of working memory errors per session during the combined working/reference memory paradigm; (D) Average number of spatial reference memory errors (i.e., number of entries and re-entries to unbaited arms per session) per animal per day; (E) Correct entries ratio (all arms visited) during the combined working/reference memory paradigm; (F) Average session duration from entering the refined RAM until all baited arms had been visited and the animal exited the RAM per animal per day; maximum session duration was: 10 min. Working memory paradigm: N = 9 (LPS-treated group), N = 6 (control group); combined working/reference memory paradigm: N = 11 (LPS-treated group), N = 11 (control group). Classic RAM: (G) Working memory errors and (H) correct entries ratio (all arms visited) during the working memory paradigm; (I) working memory errors, (J) reference memory errors, (K) correct entries ratio (all arms visited) and (L) session duration during the combined working/reference memory paradigm. N = 12 (LPS-treated group), N = 11 (control group). Data are presented as mean (±SD). Half of the individuals tested with the refined RAM had previously been trained on the classic RAM and vice versa. RAM, radial arm maze.