Table 2.
Composition of amino acids in poppy seeds and cake and comparison in percentage with the requirements of human adults estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) [19].
| EAA | Amino Acid Requirements in Adults (mg/g Protein) [19] |
Seeds (mg/g Protein) |
Cake (mg/g Protein) |
Seeds AAS (%) |
Cake AAS (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histidine | 15 | 39.67 ± 1.50 b | 34.27 ± 1.47 a | 264.48 ± 9.98 B | 228.49 ± 9.81 A |
| Isoleucine | 30 | 47.41 ± 1.91 b | 39.24 ± 1.72 a | 158.03 ± 6.37 B | 130.79 ± 5.75 A |
| Leucine | 59 | 78.29 ± 3.26 b | 69.02 ± 3.12 a | 132.70 ± 5.53 B | 116.99 ± 5.28 A |
| Lysine | 45 | 62.25 ± 3.74 a | 60.03 ± 4.34 a | 138.33 ± 8.30 A | 133.41 ± 9.63 A |
| Methionine | 16 | 30.05 ± 1.25 b | 26.13 ± 1.07 a | 187.84 ± 7.79 B | 163.32 ± 6.72 A |
| Phenylalanine + Tyrosine | 38 | 83.12 ± 3.61 b | 71.98 ± 3.87 a | 218.74 ± 9.50 B | 189.42 ± 10.20 A |
| Threonine | 23 | 47.41 ± 1.79 b | 43.22 ± 1.75 a | 206.12 ± 7.78 B | 187.90 ± 7.59 A |
| Tryptophan | 6 | 6.83 ± 0.07 b | 5.74 ± 0.63 a | 113.89 ± 1.13 B | 95.61 ± 10.43 A |
| Valine | 39 | 58.31 ± 2.15 b | 48.72 ± 1.77 a | 149.52 ± 5.52 B | 124.92 ± 4.54 A |
| LAA (%) | - | - | - | Trp 113.89 ± 1.13 B | Trp 95.61 ± 10.43 A |
| EAAI (%) | - | 133.40 ± 4.72 b | 117.07 ± 5.43 a | - | - |
EAA—essential amino acid, AAS—amino acid score, LAA—limiting amino acid, and EAAI—essential amino acid index. Values represent mean ± standard deviation of triplicates (n = 3). Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05) by Independent Samples T-Test (IBM SPSS Statistics), particularly small letters refer to results in mg/g of protein and capital letters refer to AAS results in %.