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. 2022 Sep;14(9):3575–3597. doi: 10.21037/jtd-22-410

Table 6. Foods that decrease the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Alcohol (especially red wine)
Caffeine
Carbonated beverages
Chocolate
Citrus fruits
Coffee—caffeinated or non-caffeinated
Fatty-spicy foods
Garlic
Onions
Peppermint
Tomatoes