Table 4. Postoperative pain in all U-VATS patients.

Characteristic	Early (phase II) (n=37)	Late (phase III) (n=53)	P value
VAS-POD
0	4 [1–5]	4 [2–5]	0.25
1	3 [2–5]	3 [2–4]	0.24
2	3 [2–5]	2 [2–4]	0.49
3	2 [2–3]	1 [1–2]	0.059
4	2 [1–2]	1 [1–2]	0.11
5	1 [1–2]	1 [0–2]	0.16
Additional analgesics, n (%)	27 (72.9)	29 (54.7)	0.12
Number of analgesic uses (times), median [IQR]	3 [1–4]	2 [1–2]	0.023
Last day of analgesic use (day) [IQR]	1 [0–2]	0 [0–1]	0.019
Postoperative neuropathic pain (%)	9 (24.3)	13 (24.5)	0.60
Onset (day) [IQR]	5 [4–6]	5 [4–12]	0.36
Duration (day) [IQR]	30 [22–38]	32 [19–59]	0.87

U-VATS, uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; VAS, visual analogue scale; POD, postoperative day; IQR, interquartile range.