Table 2.
Summary of available studies investigating [18F]FDG PET/CT in lymphoma treated with CAR-T.
| Authors | Study Type | Patients Number | Histologic Subtype | Treatment | Response Criteria | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shah et al. [40] 2018 | Prospective | 7 | DLBCL, FL | CTL019 CAR-T | Lugano | Patients with no residual MTV at M1 PET/CT remained in remission > 2 years post-treatment |
| Wang et al. [41] 2019 |
Retrospective | 19 | DLBCL, FL | CD19 CAR-T | PERCIST | Higher disease burden at baseline (MTV and TLG) was associted with a higher risk of severe CRS (grade 3 to 4) |
| Dean et al. [42] 2020 |
Retrospective | 96 | LBCL, PMBCL | CD19 CAR-T | Clinical response | Baseline MTV is associated with OS and PFS |
| Vercellino et al. [43] 2020 |
Retrospective | 116 | DLBCL | CD19 CAR T | Lugano | TMTV resulted as one of the risk factors for early progression |
| Hong et al. [44] 2021 |
Retrospective | 41 | NHL | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano | Early post-therapy SUVavg and MTV resulted independent risk factors to OS and PFS. High baseline tumor burdens resulted significantly associated to increased CRS and cytokine levels. |
| Figura et al. [45] 2021 |
Retrospective | 63 | DLBCL, FL, PMBCL | CD19 CAR-T | Cheson | Lesions at increased risk of local failure resulted with diameter ≥ 5 cm, SUVmax ≥ 10, or extranodal |
| Sesques et al. [46] 2021 |
Retrospective | 72 | DLBCL, PMBCL, trFL, trMZL | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano | Metabolic volume kinetics before CAR T resulted superior to initial tumor bulk for the prediction of the PFS, whereas SUVmax (cut-off 14) at first post-CAR-T evaluation resulted independently related to OS. |
| Derlin et al. [47] 2021 |
Retrospective | 10 | DLBCL, trFL, | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano | To obtain remission an early metabolic response at M1 is required. Poor outcome was associated with an early suppression of the metabolic activity in lymphoid organs, such as spleen or lymph nodes |
| Iacoboni et al. [48] 2021 |
Retrospective | 35 | LBCL | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano | High baseline TMTV (≥25 cm3) was associated with shorter PFS |
| Ruff et al. [28] 2021 |
Retrospective | 43 | LBCL | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano | At the time of first response assessment, lesional sensitivity and specificity were 99% and 100%, respectively |
| Cohen et al. [49] 2022 |
Retrospective | 48 | DLBCL | CD19 CAR-T | N/A | At M1 post-CAR-T DS > 3 and ΔSUVmax ≤ 66% were predictive to OS. |
| Kuhnl et al. [50] 2022 |
Retrospective | 171 | LBCL | CD19 CAR-T | DS | DS response at M1 PET/CT was independent predictor to time to relapse |
| Bailly et al. [51] 2022 |
Retrospective | 40 | NHL | CD19 CAR-T | Lugano, | FDG-PET pre-infusion predicted EFS and CAR-T cells response. |
| Voorhees et al. [52] 2022 |
Prospective | 27 | HL | CD30 CAR-T | Lugano | Shorter PFS was associated with a high MTV before lymphodepletion and CD30 CAR-T cell infusion. |
| Zhou et al. [53] 2022 | Retrospective | 24 | DLBCL, BL, trFL | CD19/CD22 CAR-T | N/A | Radiomic features at baseline could predict the PFS and OS. |
Abbreviations: DLBCL = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FL = follicular lymphoma; HL = Hodgkin lymphoma; DS = Deauville score; SUV = standardized uptake value; MTV = metabolic tumor volume; TMTV = total metabolic tumor volume; TLG = total lesions glycolysis; ΔMTV/ΔTLG/ΔSUV = variation of MTV/TLG/SUV; R/R NHL = relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PMBCL = primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma; trFL = transformed follicular lymphoma; trMZL = transformed marginal zone lymphoma; LBCL = large B-cell lymphoma; PFS = progression-free survival; OS = overall survival; M1 PET/CT = 1 month PET/CT; EFS = event-free survival; and N/A = not applicable.