Table 3.
Cohort summary clinical measurements from 2006 to 2020 by diabetes type
| Type 1 | Type 2 | Other | Total diabetes population | Missing | |
| HbA1c measures (yearly) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.2 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 68 (58, 80) | 55 (47, 68) | 52 (43, 69) | 56 (48, 70) | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.37 (7.46, 9.52) | 7.18 (6.45, 8.37) | 6.95 (6.08, 8.46) | 7.27 (6.52, 8.51) | 11 |
| Height measures (yearly) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | 2.2 |
| Height (m) | 1.70 (1.62, 1.77) | 1.67 (1.60, 1.75) | 1.68 (1.60, 1.75) | 1.68 (1.60, 1.75) | 2.5 |
| Weight measures (yearly) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.3 |
| Weight (kg) | 76 (64, 89) | 84 (71, 98) | 77 (64, 91) | 83 (70, 97) | 1.3 |
| BMI measures (yearly) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 6.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (23, 30) | 30 (26, 34) | 27 (23, 32) | 29 (26, 34) | 30.2 |
| Systolic BP measures (yearly) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (<1, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.4 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 130 (120, 141) | 133 (123, 142) | 131 (120, 141) | 133 (123, 142) | 2.5 |
| Diastolic BP measures (yearly) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (<1, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 76 (69, 82) | 76 (70, 81) | 77 (70, 82) | 76 (70, 81) | |
| HDL cholesterol measures (yearly) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | |
| LDL cholesterol measures (yearly) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3 (1.8, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | |
| Total cholesterol measures (yearly) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 (3.8,5.2) | 4.1 (3.4, 4.9) | 4.3 (3.6, 5.1) | 4.1 (3.5, 4.9) | |
| eGFR measures (yearly) | 1.0 (<1, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (<1, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 97 (77, 114) | 75 (54, 91) | 85 (66, 100) | 77 (56, 93) | |
| Albuminuric status | |||||
| Grading frequency (yearly) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | <1 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | |
| Normal | 19 272 (46.1) | 185 021 (44.4) | 5692 (39.1) | 209 985 (44.4) | |
| Micro | 7332 (17.5) | 98 402 (23.6) | 2381 (16.4) | 108 115 (22.9) | |
| Macro | 2342 (5.6) | 24 635 (5.9) | 567 (3.9) | 27 544 (5.8) | |
| Unknown | 12 868 (30.8) | 108 233 (26.0) | 5903 (40.6) | 127 004 (26.9) | |
| Retinopathy | |||||
| Grading frequency (yearly) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | 1.0 (<1, 1.0) | |
| None | 14 659 (35.1) | 257 448 (61.8) | 8962 (61.6) | 281 069 (59.5) | |
| NPDR—mild/background | 10 828 (25.9) | 59 757 (14.4) | 1540 (10.6) | 72 125 (15.3) | |
| NPDR—moderate or maculopathy observable | 1141 (2.7) | 3512 (0.8) | 81 (0.6) | 4734 (1.0) | |
| Maculopathy referable | 484 (1.2) | 2334 (0.6) | 52 (0.4) | 2870 (0.6) | |
| NPDR—severe | 73 (0.2) | 398 (0.1) | <10 (<1)* | <482 (0.1)* | |
| PDR—proliferative | 9890 (23.7) | 38 835 (9.3) | 829 (5.7) | 49 554 (10.5) | |
| Not eligible | 1335 (3.2) | 25 (<1) | 35 (0.2) | 1395 (0.3) | |
| Unknown | 3404 (8.1) | 53 982 (13.0) | 3042 (20.9) | 60 428 (12.8) | |
| Tobacco smoking status | |||||
| Current smoker | 8233 (19.7) | 66 863 (16.1) | 3300 (22.7) | 78 396 (16.6) | |
| Ex-smoker | 16 058 (38.4) | 218 246 (52.4) | 5866 (40.3) | 240 170 (50.8) | |
| Never smoked | 15 642 (37.4) | 129 463 (31.1) | 4538 (31.2) | 149 643 (31.7) | |
| Unknown | 1881 (4.5) | 1719 (0.4) | 839 (5.8) | 4439 (0.9) |
Categorical values are shown in N (%) and continuous values are median IQR across the cohort in the full period. Number of measures are median IQR across the cohort in the full period. Missingness is the percentage of the cohort missing a measure in the full period. Categorical values are shown as unknown for missing non-routine measures. Normal albuminuria is an albumin/creatinine ratio <30, micro is 30–300 and macro is >300 mg/L. Please see the supplemental material for an explanation of retinopathy grading.
* Disclosure control applied for small number of individuals
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DKA, Diabetic Ketoacidosis; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; GP, General Practitioner; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; NPDR, Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy; PDR, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.