Table 4.

Changes in in-migration and out-migration rates: Short distance move.

	In-migration	Out-migration
A: PUMA within a certain distance to state border
PUMAs that straddle state border	0.0006	0.0018
	(0.0038)	(0.0027)
Obs.	39,505	37,380
< 50 km from state border	0.0005	0.0021
	(0.0020)	(0.0013)
Obs.	76,932	69,859
< 100 km from state border	−0.0001	0.0016
	(0.0019)	(0.0012)
Obs.	112,521	102,281
B: PUMA within a certain distance to expansion/non-expansion state border
PUMAs that straddle E/NE state border	0.0007	0.0005
	(0.0084)	(0.0044)
Obs.	15,342	14,566
< 50 km from E/NE state border	0.0009	−0.0003
	(0.0033)	(0.0019)
Obs.	17,546	15,861
< 100 km from E/NE state border	−0.0018	0.0006
	(0.0039)	(0.0023)
Obs.	36,203	33,015
< 200 km from E/NE state border	−0.0013	0.0010
	(0.0032)	(0.0019)
Obs.	63,375	57,638

Source: American Community Survey (2010–2017).

Estimates report coefficients of the interaction term of Equations (2) and (3). Sample used in this analysis is limited to non-citizen immigrants between ages 18 and 64 with education level less than high school. Regressions are adjusted using indictors for state, year, age, age squared, gender, marital status and two state-level variables. Regressions are weighted by the ACS sample weights. All standard errors (parentheses) are clustered on current-state level for in-migration equations and origin-state level for out-migration equations.

^* p < 0.1;

^** p < 0.05;

^*** p < 0.01.