Table 1.

Effect of plastic-related compounds on cancer pathogenesis.

Type of Cancer	Effect on Pathogenesis
Endocrine-related cancers	Endocrine disruptors are chemicals found in many everyday products, including plastic bottles and containers Endocrine disruptors interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body Endocrine disruptors may act through estrogen/testosterone coupling receptors
Biliary tract cancer	Endocrine-disrupting agents, with recognized estrogenic activity (alkylphenols, PCB, bisphenol A), increase the risk of extrahepatic biliary tract cancer Cancers were mainly located in the extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater
Hepatocellular carcinoma	PCB contributes to potential development of HCC Serum lipid-adjusted PCB concentration is a viable indicator of PCB body storage The PCB29-pQ—PCB metabolite causes ROS formation and affects cell cycle by suppressing cyclins A/D1/E and cyclin-dependent kinases, while upregulating Fas/FasL and activating caspase 8/3 PCB exposures generates substantial lipidomic alterations, causing a major modification of cell membrane integrity and susceptibility
Pancreatic cancer	Organochlorine compounds may modulate KRAS activation or maintenance p,p′-DDT and PCBs may all play a role in the etiology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and exocrine pancreatic cancer by altering KRAS activation