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. 2022 Aug 8;16(11):2561–2573. doi: 10.1038/s41396-022-01300-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Nitrogen cycle schematics display the average abundance of nitrogen-cycling transcripts (based on modified-TPM values) per site and sample type (relative to nitrogen-cycling pathways overall (as shown). The percentage of gene transcripts associated with each pathway component is shown in black font. Coloured arrows represent pathways (purple = nitrification, green = denitrification and red = anammox). Only NrfA and not NirBD are shown for the DNRA pathway. B Heatmap shows nitrogen-cycling modified transcripts per million (modified-TPM) at each site (ordered gwj9, gwj11, gwj13-gwj16), scaled by row (Z-Score). Solid coloured blocks represent groundwater, black grid blocks represent the attached-fraction (or biomass) enriched groundwater. C Stacked bar plots display four active nitrogen-cycling genomes and the relative abundance (modified-TPM normalized to genome coverage) of their nitrogen-cycling gene transcripts across each site. Abbreviations: amo ammonia monooxygenase, pmo particulate methane monooxygenase, xmo copper-containing membrane monooxygenase, nod nitric oxide dismutase, nxr nitrite oxidoreductase, nar nitrate reductase (dissimilatory), nap periplasmic nitrate reductase, nirK copper-containing nitrite reductase, nirS cytochrome cd₁-containing nitrite reductase, nor nitric oxide reductase, nos nitrous oxide reductase, nrf nitrate reductase, hzo hydrazine oxidoreductase, hao hydroxylamine oxidoreductase.