Figure 5.

PC-EVs are essential for vascular health, blood–brain barrier integrity, and neuronal health. (A) PDGF-BB stimulated the release of PC-EVs to exert effects on neighboring ECs and neurons or through the bloodstream on distant cells. The transport of EVs is key for maintaining vascular and neuronal health. (B) Vascular disease associated with neurodegenerative disease, e.g., AD, is caused by, a; pericyte detachment and loss, b; EC death, c; BBB disruption, d; release of inflammatory cytokines, e; neuroinflammation and neuron death. (C) Delivery PC-EVs in certain disease conditions could also restore vascular-neural damage and repair the pathology associated with the vascular damage. PCs stimulated with PDGF-BB, for example, release EVs that prevent vascular damage associated with neurodegenerative disease.