Table 1.

Essential characteristics of the five study plots.

Vegetation Features	A	B	C	D	E
Recovery time	Initiated (Figure 2)	Initiated (Figure 2)	Initiated (Figure 2)	2-35 years (Figure 2)	7-35 years (Figure 2)
Dominant plant	Corn	Rice	Rice, Corn	Elm(Ulmus pumila Linn.), popla(Populus tomentosa Carr.), Forsythia(Forsythia suspensa (Thunb. Vahl), Plum tree(Amygdalus triloba (Lindl.) Ricker)	Elm(Ulmus pumila Linn.), popla(Populus tomentosa Carr.), Forsythia(Forsythia suspensa (Thunb. Vahl), Plum tree(Amygdalus triloba (Lindl.) Ricker)
Plant management	Fertilization 2 times yr−1; mixed fertilizer (N:P:K=4:3:2) 180 kg ha−1yr−1;	Fertilization 2 times yr−1; mixed fertilizer (N:P:K=4:3:2) 180 kg ha−1yr−1;	Fertilization 2 times yr−1; mixed fertilizer (N:P:K=4:3:2) 180 kg ha−1yr−1;	NO	NO
Historical land use type	cultivated land	cultivated land	cultivated land	Cultivated land, gradually transformed into artificial ecological corridors	Cultivated land, gradually transformed into artificial ecological corridors