Table 2.
Summary of representative clinical trials targeting TME in pancreatic cancer.
| Target | Agent | Combined Agent | Selected Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|
| ECM or membrane proteins | |||
| Hyaluronic acid | PEGPH20 | Avelumab, chemotherapy, pembrolizumab | NCT03481920, NCT01453153, NCT01839487, NCT04058964 |
| Plectin | ZB131 | NCT05074472 | |
| Galectin-9 | LYT-200 | NCT04666688 | |
| CTLA-4 | Zalifrelimab | NCT04827953 | |
| RARα/β | Am80 | NCT05064618 | |
| Receptors | |||
| IGF1R | MK-0646 | Chemotherapy + TKI | NCT00769483 |
| Cixutumumab | NCT00617708 | ||
| AMG 479 | Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, AMG 655 | NCT00630552, NCT01298401, NCT00819169, NCT01231347 | |
| Metformin | Everolimus, octreotide LAR | NCT01971034, NCT02431676 | |
| MM-141 | Chemotherapy | NCT02399137 | |
| HER3 | Seribantumab | NCT04790695, NCT04383210 | |
| HMBD-001 | NCT05057013 | ||
| HER2/3 | Zenocutuzumab (MCLA-128) | NCT02912949 | |
| IL6R | Tocilizumab | Chemotherapy | NCT02767557, NCT04258150 |
| CNTO 328 | NCT00841191 | ||
| CXCR4 | MB1707 | NCT05465590 | |
| Plerixafor | Cemiplimab | NCT03277209, NCT02179970 | |
| IL1RAP | CAN04 | FOLFIRINOX | NCT04990037 |
| TGFβR | PF-06952229 | NCT03685591 | |
| SHR-1701 | Chemotherapy | NCT04624217 | |
| CSF1R | Cabiralizumab | Nivolumab, chemotherapy | NCT02526017, NCT03697564 |
| Pexidartinib | Durvalumab | NCT02777710 | |
| IMC-CS4 | Pembrolizumab, GVAX | NCT03153410 | |
| CXCR2 | SX-682 | Nivolumab | NCT04477343 |
| Enzymes | |||
| COX | Etodolac | NCT03838029 | |
| Celecoxib | Chemotherapy, irinotecan, interferon α-2b, DC vaccine | NCT00198081, NCT00068432, NCT00177853, NCT01111591 | |
| RIPK1 | GSK3145095 | NCT03681951 | |
| Cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors | |||
| LIF | MSC-1 | NCT03490669 | |
| HGF | Ficlatuzumab | NCT03316599 | |
| CXCL12 | Olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12) | Pembrolizumab | NCT03168139, NCT04901741 |
| IL-6 | Siltuximab | Spartalizumab | NCT04191421 |
| IL-12 | VG161 | Nivolumab | NCT05162118 |
| IL-15 | ALT-803 | NCT02559674 | |
| IL-1β | Canakinumab | Spartalizumab, nab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine | NCT04581343, NCT04229004 |
| IL-2 | Aldesleukin | chemotherapy, anti-KRAS G12D mTCR PBL, anti-KRAS G12V mTCR PBL, pembrolizumab, anti-hCD70 CAR-transduced PBL, HER2Bi-armed T cells, sargramostim, ALVAC-CEA vaccine, neoantigen-specific TCR-T | NCT05194735, NCT02620865, NCT01583686, NCT01212887, NCT03745326, NCT01174121, NCT03190941, NCT02830724, NCT02662348, NCT00003125, NCT05194735, NCT04426669 |
| IL-8 | BMS-986253 | Nivolumab | NCT02451982 |
| VEGF | Bevacizumab | Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, TKI, cetuximab, ALT-803, cancer vaccine, immunotherapy, pembrolizumab, ZN-c3, PEGPH20, durvalumab, TGR-1202 | NCT00047710, NCT00417976, NCT00614653, NCT00460174, NCT00365144, NCT00602602, NCT00410774, NCT00126633 |
| Bevacizumab-800CW | NCT02743975 | ||
| Avastin | Chemotherapy, NANT-008, radiotherapy | NCT03127124, NCT00735306, NCT00609765 | |
| rhuMAB-VEGF | Chemotherapy | NCT00066677 | |
| TGF-β | HCW9218 | NCT05304936 | |
| BCA101 | NCT04429542 | ||
| NIS793 | PDR001, chemotherapy | NCT02947165, NCT05417386 | |
| AP 12009 | NCT00844064 | ||
| M-CSF | MCS110 | Spartalizumab | NCT02807844 |
| GM-CSF | Sargramostim | Carcinoembryonic antigen peptide 1-6D | NCT00669734, NCT00012246 |
| GM-CSF | iNeo-Vac-P01, TG-01 | NCT04810910, NCT03645148 | |
| OH2 injection | NCT04637698 | ||
| PANC 10.05 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo | NCT01088789 | ||
| PANVAC™-VF | NCT00088660 | ||
TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte.