Table 4.
Moisture content, thickness, water solubility, opacity, water vapor permeability, and mechanical properties of native and cross-linked lotus seed starch films.
| Film Sample | Moisture Content (%) | Thickness (mm) | Water Solubility (%) | Opacity (%) | WVP (g·m/Pa·s·m2) |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Elongation at Break (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Native LSF | 25.12 ± 0.16 a | 0.10 ± 0.00 c | 48.12 ± 0.21 a | 1.57 ± 0.01 d | 1.58 ± 0.01 a | 6.12 ± 0.12 d | 37.52 ± 1.34 a |
| CL-LSF-1 | 23.34 ± 0.20 b | 0.13 ± 0.01 b | 35.65 ± 0.19 b | 2.59 ± 0.02 a | 1.48 ± 0.03 b | 10.45 ± 0.15 c | 35.54 ± 1.52 a |
| CL-LSF-3 | 22.22 ± 0.14 c | 0.14 ± 0.02 ab | 33.45 ± 0.16 c | 2.27 ± 0.01 b | 1.41 ± 0.05 c | 11.09 ± 0.13 b | 30.91 ± 0.88 b |
| CL-LSF-5 | 20.13 ± 0.22 d | 0.15 ± 0.01 a | 29.23 ± 0.11 d | 2.07 ± 0.02 c | 1.45 ± 0.02 bc | 12.52 ± 0.14 a | 26.11 ± 0.52 c |
WVP: water vapor permeability, CL-LSF-1: cross-linked lotus seed starch film at 1% STMP, CL-LSF-3: cross-linked lotus seed starch film at 3% STMP, CL-LSF-5: cross-linked lotus seed starch film at 5% STMP. a–d: Means ± SD within the column with different lowercase superscripts are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05).