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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Conserv. 2022 Apr 7;49(2):114–121. doi: 10.1017/s0376892922000121

Table 3.

Results of a random intercept logistic regression model (n = 1036) of variables associated with household prohibited resource collection in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.

Variable Estimate SE p

Demand for forest resources
Household member count 0.05 0.05 0.35
Household dairy animals count 0.02 0.04 0.74
Household farmland size (kattha) 0.01 0.01 0.70
Barriers to prohibited resource collection
Distance from household to nearest park boundary, logged −0.57a 0.24 0.02
Barriers to legal resource collection
Size of household’s community forest, logged −0.42 0.31 0.17
Household’s perceived Mikania micrantha spread in forest: gradually increasingb −0.02 0.44 0.96
Household’s perceived M. micrantha spread in forest: rapidly increasingb 0.76a 0.34 0.03
Household’s perceived M. micrantha spread in forest: do not knowb −0.40 0.62 0.52
Community forest managers’ reported M. micrantha coverage in forests −0.05 1.41 0.97
Measured proportion of forest plot surveys with M. micrantha present 0.09 1.67 0.96
Alternatives to resource collection
Scale at which household purchased firewood and fodder −0.58a 0.19 <0.01
Density of nearby market/non-governmental organizations, logged 0.33 0.28 0.24
Controls
Caste: Hill Janajatic 1.05a 0.39 0.01
Caste: Dalitc 1.16a 0.39 <0.01
Caste: Newarc 0.88 0.65 0.18
Caste: Terai Janajatic 1.40a 0.40 <0.01
Household income >50 000 Nepalese rupees −0.33 0.25 0.19
Intercept −4.48a 1.19 <0.01
a

95% confidence interval excludes zero.

b

Reference group for dummy variables is ‘Household perceived M. micrantha is decreasing or not changing’.

c

Reference group for dummy variables is ‘Caste: Brahmin’.