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. 2022 Oct 2;11(19):3113. doi: 10.3390/cells11193113

Figure 4.

Figure 4

RNA−sequencing results to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which withaferin A protected against HRMEC I/R injury. HRMECs were treated with withaferin A (50 nmol/mL) or untreated (control) for 15 min, followed by treatments of simulating ischemia (3 h)/reperfusion (2 h). (A) Cluster analysis of DEGs. (B) Volcano plot of RNA−seq. Downregulated genes induced by withaferin A were represented by green dots with a value of log2FoldChange < −1. Upregulated genes induced by withaferin A shown by orange dots with log2FoldChange values > 1. (C) KEGG pathways that were significantly affected by withaferin A in HRMECs. (D) The relative abundance of 12 genes were considered acceptable among the 81 significantly upregulated genes induced by withaferin A (fold change > 2, FPKM > 3). N = 3, p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. (E) Real−time PCR validation on the RNA−seq results (total 9 genes examined). N = 3 repeated experiments/conditions. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.