Table 1.
Descriptions of baseline characteristics for the participants and by their metabolic status
| Total (n = 119,424) |
MUO (n = 92,195) |
MHO (n = 27,229) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 56.7 (7.9) | 57.9 (7.5) | 52.8 (7.8) | < 0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 55,958 (46.9) | 45,845 (49.7) | 10,113 (37.1) | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 33.9 (3.9) | 34.1 (4.0) | 33.3 (3.3) | < 0.01 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | ||||
| No MVPA | 18,225 (15.3) | 14,362 (15.6) | 3,893 (14.3) | < 0.01 |
| Low PA | 26,229 (22.0) | 19,871 (21.6) | 6,358 (23.4) | < 0.01 |
| Medium PA | 14,426 (12.1) | 10,996 (11.9) | 3,430 (12.6) | < 0.01 |
| High PA | 32,982 (27.6) | 25,226 (27.4) | 7,756 (28.5) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Current smoker | 11,659 (9.8) | 8,418 (9.1) | 3,241 (11.9) | < 0.01 |
| Previous smoker | 46,109 (38.6) | 37,097 (40.2) | 9,012 (33.1) | < 0.01 |
| Never | 60,883 (51.0) | 46,067 (50.0) | 14,816 (54.4) | < 0.01 |
| Alcohol drinking status, n (%) | ||||
| Current drinker | 106,901 (89.5) | 82,320 (89.3) | 24,581 (90.3) | < 0.01 |
| Previous drinker | 5,461 (4.6) | 4,353 (4.7) | 1,108 (4.1) | < 0.01 |
| Never | 6,689 (5.6) | 5,231 (5.7) | 1,458 (5.4) | < 0.01 |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||||
| Unemployment | 9,075 (7.6) | 7,366 (8.0) | 1,709 (6.3) | < 0.01 |
| Retired | 39,431 (33.0) | 34,485 (37.4) | 4,946 (18.2) | < 0.01 |
| Employed in night shift work | 3,170 (2.7) | 2,220 (2.4) | 950 (3.5) | < 0.01 |
| Employed in day shift work | 5,063 (4.2) | 3,571 (3.9) | 1,492 (5.5) | < 0.01 |
| Employed not in shift work | 57,398 (48.1) | 40,812 (44.3) | 16,586 (60.9) | < 0.01 |
| Income, n (%) | ||||
| < £ 18,000 | 27,955 (23.4) | 23,026 (25.0) | 4,929 (18.1) | < 0.01 |
| £ 18,000 - £ 30,999 | 26,288 (22.0) | 20,670 (22.4) | 5,618 (20.6) | < 0.01 |
| £ 31,000 - £ 51,999 | 24,859 (20.8) | 18,304 (19.9) | 6,555 (24.1) | < 0.01 |
| £ 52,000 - £ 100,000 | 17,086 (14.3) | 11,957 (13.0) | 5,129 (18.8) | < 0.01 |
| > £ 100,000 | 3,610 (3.0) | 2,521 (2.7) | 1,089 (4.0) | < 0.01 |
| Healthy sleep score, n (%) | ||||
| 0 - 1 | 7,307 (6.1) | 5,869 (6.4) | 1,438 (5.3) | < 0.01 |
| 2 - 3 | 61,100 (51.2) | 47,683 (51.7) | 13,417 (49.3) | < 0.01 |
| 4 - 5 | 51,017 (42.7) | 38,643 (41.9) | 12,374 (45.4) | < 0.01 |
| TDI, mean (SD) | -0.8 (3.3) | -0.8 (3.3) | -0.8 (3.3) | 0.39 |
| Vegetable and fruit intake, mean (SD) | 4.6 (3.1) | 4.6 (3.0) | 4.6 (3.2) | 0.8 |
| Sedentary behavior, mean (SD), hour/day | 5.6 (2.7) | 5.6 (2.7) | 5.4 (2.7) | < 0.01 |
| Mental health issue, n (%) | 45,200 (37.8) | 34,389 (37.3) | 10,811 (39.7) | < 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 12,077 (10.1) | 9,909 (10.7) | 2,168 (8.0) | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 16,249 (13.6) | 16,249 (17.6) | -* | -* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 87,339 (73.1) | 87,339 (94.7) | -* | -* |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 33,865 (28.4) | 33,865 (36.7) | -* | -* |
MUO, metabolically unhealthy obesity; MHO, metabolically healthy obesity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; TDI, Townsend deprivation index
* Not available