Table 2.
ANOVA (mean squares) among kernel physical characteristics and release year, harvest year, and their interaction with plant height as a co-variate.
| Variable | HY | RY | Height | HY × RY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grain yield | 151.42 *** | 5.05 * | 5.94 * | 3.28 |
| Hardness index | 36.46 *** | 6.07 * | 6.99 ** | 1.54 |
| % soft kernel | 4.76 * | 21.02 *** | 6.13 * | 0.16 |
| % semi-soft kernel | 28.86 *** | 0.04 | 3.90 | 3.93 * |
| % semi-hard kernel | 41.39 *** | 4.17 * | 0.04 | 4.57 * |
| % hard kernel | 34.43 *** | 3.17 | 4.97 * | 2.04 |
| Hardness std | 156.29 *** | 8.99 ** | 6.02 * | 8.09 ** |
| Moisture (%) | 803.40 *** | 17.43 *** | 0.86 | 5.49 * |
| Moisture std (%) | 1143.37 *** | 0.04 | 2.07 | 5.56 * |
| Diameter (mm) | 134.47 *** | 4.57 * | 25.09 *** | 12.19 *** |
| Diameter std (mm) | 114.72 *** | 44.75 *** | 1.43 | 14.88 *** |
| Weight (mg) | 100.14 *** | 4.95 * | 20.95 *** | 14.06 *** |
| Weight std (mg) | 77.14 *** | 49.84 *** | 0.82 | 10.52 ** |
| Milling yield (%) | 10.06 ** | 0.18 | 0.53 | 1.60 |
| Bran friability (%) | 63.22 *** | 0.46 | 2.39 | 2.50 |
| BWRC (%) | 160.53 *** | 9.35 ** | 3.35 | 0.03 |
| Protein content (%) | 72.78 *** | 18.56 *** | 0.75 | 3.99 * |
| MPT (min) | 58.45 *** | 29.11 *** | 7.51 ** | 10.23 ** |
| MPV (%) | 4.14 * | 1.79 | 1.34 | 8.19 ** |
| MPW (%) | 4.88 * | 4.09 * | 0.01 | 5.83 * |
| MRS (%/min) | 10.07 ** | 9.04 ** | 11.65 *** | 0.96 |
| MTA (%TQ·min) | 7.25 ** | 0.77 | 2.14 | 12.48 *** |
| Loaf Volume (cm3) | 1.12 | 0.01 | 5.77 * | 0.26 |
| Loaf specific volume (cm3/g) | 2.02 | 0.53 | 7.77 ** | 0.00 |
| Texture (g) | 0.18 | 0.34 | 6.36 * | 0.93 |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.