Table 2.

Data monitoring.

Study ID	Study	Country	Study Description	Nonspecialist Facilitators	Supervisors and Professionals
1	Asher et al., (2021)	Ethiopia	Community-based rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia in a rural area	Laypersons had at least a tenth- grade education and most had experience with community-based work (equal gender split, mean age 23, age range 20–37)	Two supervisors were assigned to five laypersons each. Supervisors made regular risk assessments of the home visit environment and rated laypersons during routine home visit sessions according to the ENACT tool
2	Atif et al. (2019)	Ethiopia	Bi-monthly group therapy sessions (18 booster sessions) for new mothers from birth of their child up until age three	Peer volunteers were women of child-bearing age paired with participants with similar life circumstances (e.g., socioeconomic status or having experienced perinatal depression)	Peer volunteers were trained and supervised by nonspecialist facilitators from an earlier phase of the intervention, who were previously trained and supervised by a specialist. Supervisors met with facilitators monthly and supervised therapy sessions to assess fidelity according to the Quality and Competence Checklist.
3	Cross et al. (2015)	United States	A school-based intervention to strengthen emotion regulation-skills	Trained paraprofessionals who had held positions in schools such as classroom aides	A trained team of supervisors, including two of the intervention developers, assessed fidelity by coding the videotaped sessions.
4	Diebold et al. (2020)	United States	A perinatal depression home-visiting intervention for new mothers in low-income areas	Female community members were self-selected or selected by a supervisor, and did not have advanced degrees	A single PI provided supervision for facilitators, over the phone in a group setting, during a facilitator's implementation of her first cohort (six group sessions)
5	Garber-Epstein, Zisman-Ilani, Levine, and Roe (2013)	Israel	The Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) Program, an evidence-based, psycho-social intervention for those with serious mental illnesses	Peers (former intervention participants) and paraprofessionals who participated in two days of IMR training	Ongoing supervision throughout intervention delivery
6	Johnson et al., (2021)	United States	A motivational interviewing (MI) intervention for veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms	Peers (veterans who had also suffered from post-traumatic stress symptoms)	The first author provided supervision of nonspecialists on a weekly individual and/or group supervision (based on staffing, scheduling, and caseloads over the course of the study). In the supervision sessions, feedback was provided based on a review of audio-recorded sessions.
7	Jordans et al., (2021)	Palestine	A group psycho-social intervention for teens and preteens in the Gaza strip who had been exposed to trauma	Nonspecialist facilitators (N = 25; 76% female; mean age = 24.6) were selected at random from a group of trainees recruited to be trained as psychosocial service providers for ongoing programs by War Child Holland	N/A – Tool validation
8	Khan et al. (2019)	Pakistan	A trans-diagnostic intervention for women with common mental disorders	Female nonspecialists with at least 16 years of education (graduates) and no formal training in mental health	An apprenticeship model was used in which trained psychiatrists and psychologists built the skills of nonspecialists through on-the-job training. Training included an initial skills training and then four weeks of practice cases with weekly group supervision.
9	Kohrt et al. (2015)	Nepal	An initiative to improve mental health care in primary care settings	Primary care workers being trained in psychological treatment through the intervention	N/A – Tool validation
10	Landry et al. (2019)	United States	A cognitive instruction program for dual-language learners in elementary schools with social and behavioral outcomes	Parents of children similar to intervention participants	Coaches delivered program training to both parents (paraprofessioals) and teachers (professionals) delivering the intervention and supported with development of weekly lesson plans. Coaches also monitored fidelity through audio-recorded sessions.
11	Laurenzi et al. (2020)	South Africa	A home-visiting maternal health care intervention with a depression outcome	Peers (local mothers of participants) who were identified as “positive deviants” – mothers who were able to rise above adversity and raise healthy children	Master Trainers provided training for Mentor Mothers
12	Mastroleo, Mallett, Turrisi, and Ray (2009)	United States	An intervention using motivational interviewing (MI) techniques to reduce college drinking	Peers (undergraduate students) of intervention participants with limited, previous exposure to MI	A Clinical Psychologist and a doctoral student in Counselor Education and Supervision provided weekly individual and group supervision, and assessed fidelity.
13	Munodawafa, Lund, and Schneider (2017)	South Africa	A psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression	Community Health Workers with previous experience doing health promotion visits with mothers and their children under five years	Supervisors were mental health counselors with a Master's in Clinical Social Work and additional supervision was provided by a Senior Clinical Psychologist. Supervisors provided weekly, in-person, group supervision sessions and individual supervision. Supervisors also assessed fidelity by direct observation and through audio recordings.
14	Puffer, Friis-Healy, Giusto, Stafford, and Ayuku (2021)	Kenya	A family therapy intervention	Nonspecialists who self-identified as a religious leader or policy maker.	Supervisors were medical psychology undergraduate students who met with nonspecialists over the phone and in person. These supervisors were also supervised by clinical psychologists on the team
15	Rahman et al. (2019)	Pakistan	A perinatal depression program in conflict-affected area	Lady Health Workers (community health workers employed by the government)	Specialist Lady Health Workers led monthly, in-person group supervision sessions and provided feedback to nonspecialists while troubleshooting challenges with them.
16	Singla et al., (2020)	India	A peer-delivered perinatal depression RCT	Peers of mothers (belonging to the same or neighboring community, with similar socio-demographic backgrounds and good communication skills)	Expert therapists met with nonspecialists in group supervision sessions and rated fidelity via randomly-selected audio recordings of sessions