Table 4.

Pathway analysis of upregulated genes in paired and unpaired sample cohorts. *

Pathway Name	Number of Genes in Pathway	DE Genes in Paired Samples	DE Genes in Unpaired Samples	p-Value (Paired Samples)	p-Value (Unpaired Samples)
Drug metabolism	133	13	41	9.74 × 10−07	0.00041
MAPK signaling pathway	278	26	37	9.99 × 10−12	0.00228
ErbB signaling pathway	131	14	15	1.25 × 10−07	0.00615
Calcium signaling pathway	170	20	43	4.44 × 10−11	0.01012
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway	188	26	13	9.78 × 10−16	1.075 × 10−06
Sphingolipid signaling pathway	137	13	40	1.35 × 10−06	0.00134
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	416	16	32	0.00287	1.52 × 10−11
Cushing’s syndrome	194	30	17	2.14 × 10−19	2.70 × 10−05
Human papillomavirus infection	387	22	18	2.43 × 10−06	1.81 × 10−17
Proteoglycans in cancer	332	16	44	0.000330	0.000977

* This table presents enriched pathways overlapped in both paired and unpaired sample cohorts.