Table 1.

Resume of NPs for theranostic applications. not reported: n.r.

	Inorganic NPs
	Size and Superficial Charge	Diagnosis	Therapy	Model	Ref.
Iron Oxide NPs	Size 45.7 nm ζ-potential n.r.	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery	In vitro H460 cells In vivo H460 xenograft mice	[37]
Iron Oxide NPs	Size 50.8 nm ± 5.2 ζ-potential n.r.	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Doxorubicin	In vitro 4T1 cells In vivo 4T1 xenograft mice	[38]
Iridium oxide NPs	Size 55.0 nm ζ-potential −0.40 mV	Fluorescence imaging	Doxorubicin Photothermal Therapy	In vitro HepG2 cells In vivo HepG2 xenograft mice	[40]
MOF Fe3O4@UiO-66	Size 241.5 nm ± 28.5 ζ-potential −25.7 mV ± 5.2	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Doxorubicin	In vitro HeLa cells In vivo HeLa-tumor bearing mice	[44]
MOF NaGdF4:Yb/Er@MIL-53(Fe)	Size 245 nm ± 5.0 ζ-potential n.r.	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Doxorubicin	In vitro B16−F10 and HEK293 cells	[45]
Gold NPs	Size 26.5 nm ± 1.1 ζ-potential n.r.	Fluorescence imaging	Photodynamic Therapy	In vitro PC-3 cells In vivo PC-3 xenograft mice	[49]
Gold NPs	Size 390.0 nm ζ-potential n.r.	Photoacoustic imaging	Photothermal Therapy	In vitro U-87MG cells In vivo U-87MG xenograft mice	[50]
Lanthanide-doped NPs NaYF4:Yb, Tm@NaYF4:Eu	Size 141.9 nm ζ-potential −20.2 mV	Upconversion luminescence imaging	Photodynamic Therapy	In vitro AGS cells In vivo AGS xenograft mice	[56]
Lanthanide-doped NPs NaLuF4	Size 20 × 130 nm ζ-potential n.r.	NIR-II imaging	Photothermal therapy	In vitro HeLa cells In vivo HCT 116 xenograft mice and LLC	[55]
Silicon-based	Size 407.0 nm ± 29.0 ζ-potential −17.0 mV ± 2.16	Photoacoustic Imaging	Photothermal therapy Doxorubicin	In vitro MCF10a and HS578T cells	[20,57,58]
Silicon-based	Size 13.5 nm ζ-potential n.r.	PET imaging	Radiotherapy	In vivo 4T1 tumor-bearing mice	[59]
	Organic NPs
PLGA-based NPs	Size 282.1 nm ± 6.2 ζ-potential −9.7 mV ± 1.4	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Radio frequency hyperthermia Docetaxel	In vitro MCF7 cells In vivo S180 xenograft mice	[65]
PLGA-based NPs	Size 185.1 nm ± 3.3 ζ-potential −1.2 mV ± 0.7	Photoacoustic imaging	Photothermal therapy	In vitro MDA-MB-231 cells In vivo MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice	[26]
PLGA-based NPs	Size 248.3 nm ζ-potential −14.7 mV	Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dual-modal ultrasound	Photothermal therapy	In vitro SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells	[67]
Chitosan-based NPs	Size 184.3 nm ± 4.4 ζ-potential + 17.33 mV ± 1.5	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Doxorubicin	In vitro C6 cells	[68]
Chitosan-based NPs	Size 92.2 nm ζ-potential + 24.0 mV	Fluorescence imaging	Nucleic acid	In vitro HeLa cells	[69]
Liposomes-based NPs	Size 95.0 nm ζ-potential n.r.	Positron Emission Tomography Fluorescence Photoacoustic imaging	Photodynamic therapy AQ4N	In vivo 4T1 Balb/c mice	[72]
Liposomes-based NPs	Size 150–300 nm ζ-potential + 13.2 mV	Fluorescence imaging	Photothermal therapy Doxorubicin	In vitro MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells In vivo 4T1 Balb/c mice	[73]
Albumin NPs	Size 142.2 nm ± 4.86 ζ-potential −30 mV	Fluorescence imaging	Photodynamic therapy Photothermal therapy Paclitaxel	In vitro 4T1 cells In vivo 4T1 Balb/c mice	[75]
Virus like-NPs	Size 212.0 nm ± 3.40 ζ-potential n.r.	Fluorescence imaging	Doxorubicin	In vitro 4T1and MDA-MB-231 cells In vivo 4T1 Balb/c mice MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 xenograft mice	[78]
Red Blood cells-based NPs	Size about 7 µm ζ-potential n.r.	Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fluorescence imaging	Photodynamic therapy Doxorubicin	In vitro 4T1 cells In vivo 4T1 Balb/c mice	[81]
Red Blood cells-based NPs	Size 79.0 nm ζ-potential n.r.	Fluorescence imaging	Photodestruction	In vitro SKBR3 cells In vivo SKBR3 xenograft mice	[82]