Table 1.
Beneficial effects of postbiotics observed in in vivo studies.
| Biological Activity | Strain Used | Observation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antimicrobial properties | Lactobacillus spp. | Diminution in infectivity and total activity of E. coli preventing the intestinal inflammation in mice | [106] |
| Antiviral properties | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | Metabolites increased IFN-c cytokine production and modified the immunity of broilers against influenza virus (H9N2) | [115] |
| Antioxidant properties | L. plantarum | Reduction in serum lipid peroxidation in mice, boosting serum and ruminal fluid antioxidant activity | [108] |
| Anti-inflammatory properties | Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus | Efficacious in controlling the advance of colitis in mice | [114] |
| Antioxidant properties |
Lactobacillus
plantarum |
Aided in enhancing the total activity of enzymes by oral supplementation in broilers | [116] |
| Anticancer properties |
Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei |
Reduce the rate of proliferation and apoptosis | [117] |
| Antimicrobial properties | Lactobacillus spp. | Inhibition of activity around 90% of L. monocytogenes in both in vivo and in vitro studies | [70] |
| Antiviral properties | Lactobacillus plantarum | Operative against SARS-CoV-2 infection by altering the immune system | [107] |
| Antitumor properties | Clostridium butyricum | Suppression of tumor growth due to oral supplementation in mice | [111] |
| Anti-inflammatory properties | Bifidobacterium breve and Streptococcus thermophilus | Successful in modulating the immune stimulatory effects in mice | [113] |
| Antioxidant properties | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | Increased the activity of enzymes like glutathione peroxidase when included in dietary pattern of broilers | [110] |