Total abundances of CS and HS chains in BPH and prostate cancer (PCa) tissues: (a) CS abundance in BPH and PCa tissues obtained via radical prostatectomy (RPE, n = 48) and palliative transurethral resection (pTURP, n = 6); (b) CS abundance in BPH and PCa tissues from low-risk (LR, n = 21), intermediate-risk (IR, n = 19), and high-risk (HR, n = 14) patients based on Gleason risk stratification; (c) HS abundance in BPH and PCa tissues obtained via RPE (n = 46) and pTURP (n = 8); (d) HS abundance in BPH and PCa tissues from LR (n = 20), IR (n = 17), and HR (n = 17) patients based on Gleason risk stratification. (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01).