TABLE 3.

Pregnancy, birth and obstetric care characteristics of all deaths up to 1 year postpartum

	Maternal deaths, n (%)	General population a (%)
Initial antenatal care	N = 160
Primary maternity care	87 (54.4)	84.6
Obstetrician	60 (37.5)	15.4
Not (yet) under obstetric care	9 (5.6)
Unknown	4 (2.5)
Referral by primary care giver	N = 65
During pregnancy	52 (80.0)	61.8
During birth	5 (7.7)	35.9
Postpartum	5 (7.7)	2.2
Unknown	3 (4.6)
Time of death	N = 160
During pregnancy	38 (23.8)
Postpartum	119 (74.4)
Within 1 day	27 (22.7 b )
Between 1–7 days	28 (23.5 b )
Between 8–42 days	33 (27.7 b )
Late death (>42 days)	30 (25.2 b )
Unknown	1 (0.8 b )
1st trimester pathology c	3 (1.9)
Place of death	N = 160
At home	37 (23.1)
In hospital	119 (74.4)
Start lethal event out of hospital	43 (36.1 b )
Unknown	4 (2.5)
Twin pregnancy	3 (1.9)	1.6
Birth	N = 119
At home	13 (10.9)	15.9
In hospital	97 (81.5)	82.7
During transport	1 (0.8)
Unknown	8 (6.7)
Mode of birth	N = 119
Vaginal	51 (42.9)	80.6
Instrumental	8 (6.7)	6.9
Cesarean section	60 (50.4)	14.9
Planned	6 (10.0 b )
Unplanned	40 (66.7 b )
Perimortem	14 (2.3 b )
Autopsy performed	N = 160
Yes	68 (42.5)
Unknown	3 (1.9)
Intrauterine fetal death	N = 160
<24 weeks	27 (16.9)
≥24 weeks	6 (3.8)
Perinatal death d	24 (14.9)	0.4 e
Smoking	N = 160
Yes	38 (23.8)	24.9
Unknown	36 (22.5)
Obesity	37 (23.1)	12

^a National reference values from Perinatal Registry the Netherlands (Perined), 2006–2018.

^b Percentages of their subheading.

^c Women who died shortly after miscarriage (2) or abortion (1).

^d Perinatal death defined as stillbirth with birthweight ≥1000 g or ≥28 weeks of gestation, or neonatal death in the first 7 days postpartum.

^e Only numbers until 2016 available.