Table 4.
Stress display by different failure criteria in apical (a) and cervical (c) third of PDL.
| Fail Criteria | Study | Force, Movement, Quantitative Stress, PDL Area |
|---|---|---|
| VM | Toms et al. (2003) [14], lower premolar, 5205 nodes, 1674 elem. | 1 N extr., 8 KPa a, 7.75 KPa c |
| intact periodontium | ||
| Merdji et al. (2013) [25], lower 1st molar, 557,974 elem. | 10 N intr., 29.48 KPa a | |
| intact periodontium | 3 N tip., 8.96 KPa a | |
| 3 N transl., 6.78 KPa a | ||
| Shaw et al. (2004) [13], upper incisor, 20,582 nodes, 11,924 elem. | extr. and intr., 2 KPa a | |
| intact periodontium | tipp., 1 KPa a | |
| Roscoe et al. (2021) [12], premolar, 1.67 mil. elem. | 0.25 N intr. a and c 1.1 KPa | |
| intact periodontium | 0.25 N tip., a and c 2.9 KPa | |
| Moga et al. (2022) [2], lower 2nd premolar, | 0.2 N intr., 0.44 KPa a, 1.51 KPa c | |
| 5.06–6.05 mil. elem. 0.96–1.07 mil. nodes | 0.6 N extr., 1.33 KPa a, 5.18 KPa c | |
| intact periodontium | 1.2 N transl., 3.58 KPa a, 28.06 KPa c | |
| 0.6 N rot., 2.02 KPa a, 15.91 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N tip., 1.34 KPa a, 10.52 KPa c | ||
| reduced periodontium 8 mm | 0.2 N intr., 1.22 KPa a, 4.76 KPa c | |
| 0.6 N extr., 5.42 KPa a, 21.39 KPa c | ||
| 1.2 N transl., 26.28 KPa a, 117.00 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N rot., 17.86 KPa a, 71.06 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N tip., 7.29 KPa a, 43.19 KPa c | ||
| S1 and S3 | Toms et al. (2003) [14], lower premolar, 5205 nodes, 1674 elem. | 1 N extr., S1: 36.95 KPa a, −2.69 KPa c |
| intact periodontium | 1 N extr., S3: 28.49 KPa a, −11.6 KPa c | |
| Moga et al. (2021) [3], lower 2nd premolar | 0.2 N intr., S3: −1.74 KPa a, −1.74 KPa c | |
| 5.06–6.05 mil. elem. 0.96–1.07 mil. nodes | 0.6 N extr., S3: 14.10 KPa a, 27.99 KPa c | |
| intact periodontium | 1.2 N transl., S3: −97.79 KPa a, 93.03 KPa c | |
| 0.6 N rot., S3: −56.27 KPa a, 68.07 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N tip., S3: −18.53 KPa a, 28.89 KPa c | ||
| reduced periodontium 8 mm | 0.2 N intr., S3: −21.26 KPa a, −8.80 KPa c | |
| 0.6 N extr., S3: 64.15 KPa a, 82.83 KPa c | ||
| 1.2 N transl., S3: −292.4 KPa a, 260.2 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N rot., S3: −290.13 KPa a, 170.13 KPa c | ||
| 0.6 N tip., S3: −109.4 KPa a, −1023.49 KPa c | ||
| Geramy et al. (2004) [15], upp. central incisor, | 1.5 N tip., S1: 78.3 KPa a, −23.6 KPa c | |
| 378,884 nodes, 32,768 elem., intact periodontium | 1.5 N tip., S3:−74 KPa a, −28 KPa c | |
| reduced periodontium 8 mm | 1.5 N tip., S1: 881KPa a, −395 KPa c | |
| 1.5 N tip., S3: 740 KPa a, −491 KPa c | ||
| Geramy et al. (2002) [16], upper central incisor, | 1 N tip., S1: −37 KPa a, 55 KPa c | |
| 726 nodes, 475 elem., intact periodontium | 1 N tip., S3: −39 KPa a, −75 KPa c | |
| 1 N intr., S1: 26 KPa a, −9 KPa c | ||
| 1 N intr., S3: −29 KPa a, −12 KPa c | ||
| reduced periodontium 8 mm | 1 N tip., S1: −440 KPa a, −288 KPa c | |
| 1 N tip., S3: −475 KPa a, 300KPa c | ||
| 1 N intr., S1: –43 KPa a, 19 KPa c | ||
| 1 N intr., S3: –47 KPa a, −23 KPa c | ||
| Hemanth et al. (2015) [7,8], upper central incisor, | 0.2 N intr., S1: 1 KPa c | |
| 239,666 nodes, 148,097 elem., intact periodontium | 1 N tip., S1: −16.4 KPa a | |
| 0.2 N intr., S3: −13.37 KPa a | ||
| 1 N tip., S3: 16.4 KPa a | ||
| Roscoe et al. (2021) [12], premolar, 1.67 mil. elem. | 0.25 N intr. a and c −5.3 KPa | |
| intact periodontium | 0.25 N tip., a and c −7.3 KPa | |
| Pressure | Hohmann et al. (2009) [17], 1st upper premolar | 0.5 N intr., 4.7KPa−9.95 TPa a, 4.7 KPa c |
| PDL 195,881 elem., tooth 711,114 elem., intact periodontium | ||
| Hohmann et al. (2007) [18], 1st upper premolar | 3 N tip., 38.84KPa a, −68.09 KPa c | |
| PDL 152,776 elem., tooth 56,454 elem., intact periodontium | ||
| Wu et al. (2018) [6], upper canine | optimal force: tip. 0.28–0.44 N,transl. 1.1–1.37 N | |
| PDL 1263, elem., tooth 1928 elem., intact periodontium | rot. 1.7–2.1 N, extr. 0.38–0.4 N | |
| Wu et al. (2021) [10], lower incisor, canine, premolar | optimal force: rot. 2.2–2.3 N, 3–3.1 N, 2.8–2.9 N | |
| PDL 3032, 3416, 3851 elem., bone 5692 elem., intact periodontium | ||
| Wu et al. (2019) [11], upper canine | optimal force: intr. 0.8–0.9 N, extr. 2.3–2.6 N | |
| PDL 2272, elem., tooth 2101 elem., intact periodontium | ||
| Roscoe et al. (2021) [12], upper premolar, 1.67 mil. elem. | 0.25 N intr. a and c −4.7 KPa | |
| intact periodontium | 0.25 N tip., a and c −5.8 KPa | |
| Zhong et al. (2019) [5], lower 1st premolar, PDL 17575 elem. | 0.25 N tip., a and c 10–20 KPa | |
| intact periodontium |