. 2022 Sep 27;19(19):12275. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912275

Table 5.

PSM-DID results of rural areas.

Variables	Monthly Outpatient Expenses		Monthly Outpatient Visits		Annual Inpatient Expenses		Annual Inpatient Visits
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Test_city	78.9652 ***	120.7688 ***	−0.1397 ***	−0.0940 ***	−8.6 × 10² ***	−5.3 × 10² ***	0.1536 ***	0.1964 ***
	(3.2091)	(5.9692)	(−6.1082)	(−4.7661)	(−9.9650)	(−6.1297)	(9.8998)	(20.6673)
Time	16.6605	−5.4763	−0.0930 ***	−0.1174 ***	758.8032 ***	551.2007 ***	0.0677 ***	0.0417 ***
	(0.4474)	(−0.1503)	(−4.7600)	(−5.9149)	(5.9632)	(4.3461)	(6.8021)	(4.3061)
Test_city * Time	−2.7 × 10² ***	−3.0 × 10² ***	−0.1037 *	−0.1376 **	−1.3 × 10³ ***	−1.6 × 10³ ***	−0.2701 ***	−0.3030 ***
	(−6.5238)	(−7.1422)	(−1.8512)	(−2.2235)	(−9.8063)	(−9.7915)	(−11.1012)	(−11.4423)
Age		−1.6244		−0.0054 ***		26.7442 ***		0.0049 ***
		(−0.9925)		(−4.4802)		(3.6099)		(6.7574)
Sex		−56.4236		0.0581 ***		−3.6 × 10² **		−0.0304 ***
		(−1.5808)		(2.8992)		(−2.1061)		(−2.6316)
Marital status		70.5921		−0.0274		203.8375		−0.0204
		(1.5526)		(−0.8799)		(1.0076)		(−1.2076)
Education		−15.5173		−0.0113		104.9778		0.0034
		(−0.8491)		(−1.2609)		(1.4260)		(0.6569)
Self-rated health		92.8260		0.2281 ***		1.5 × 10³ ***		0.1738 ***
		(1.4825)		(12.0688)		(10.6933)		(16.4030)
Number of chronic diseases		77.8790 ***		0.0902 ***		598.6180 ***		0.0728 ***
		(5.0628)		(12.2691)		(7.9677)		(16.3105)
Per capita income		0.0000		0.0000		0.0011 **		−0.0000
		(0.4716)		(0.9067)		(2.0145)		(−0.1796)
Type of Hukou		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000
		(.)		(.)		(.)		(.)
Constant	247.1430 ***	74.9723	0.4640 ***	0.1020	1.5 × 10³ ***	−4.4 × 10³ ***	0.1978 ***	−0.5548 ***
	(11.6539)	(0.4651)	(24.1599)	(0.9113)	(17.7417)	(−5.6628)	(25.5613)	(−8.4430)
Sample size	22,345	22,345	22,345	22,345	22,345	22,345	22,345	22,345

Note: Inside the parentheses are the standard errors. The levels of significance are *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, and * p < 0.1, respectively. Data source: calculated by the authors.