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. 2022 Sep 30;12(19):3427. doi: 10.3390/nano12193427

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Structural pathway of APD-CK inside the cell. (B) Conjugation of polymer (A54-PEG-DA-OCMC) before loading ginsenoside CK. Cellular uptake of APD-CK nanoparticles after incubating for 1 h and 6 h with (C) HepG2 and (D) Huh-7 cells. (E) In vitro cytotoxicity of normal ginsenoside CK and APD-CK against HepG2 cell line. (F) In vitro cytotoxicity of normal ginsenoside CK and APD-CK against Huh-7 cell line. Asterisks (*) denotes statistical significance difference compared with control group. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. 2020, Elsevier Ltd.