Table 3.
Differences in clinical and demographic characteristics of NAFLD and MAFLD criteria in patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2.
| Characteristic | Lean NAFLD (n= 273) % (n)/μ ± SD |
Lean MAFLD (n = 118) % (n)/μ ± SD |
p | Effect Size (Cohen’s d/w) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 56.8 (155) | 52.5 (62) | 0.44 | 0.92 | Large |
| Age (years) | 50.7 ± 9.9 | 52.7 ± 10.5 | 0.07 | −0.06 | Null |
| DM | 4.8 (13) | 10.2 (12) | 0.06 | 0.99 | Large |
| HBP | 10.3 (28) | 17.8 (21) | 0.04 | 0.98 | Large |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 1.8 | 23.3 ± 2.4 | 0.65 | −0.69 | Null |
| Glucose (g/dL) | 94.2 ± 16.5 | 98.9 ± 22.2 | 0.02 | −0.40 | Null |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 0.15 | −0.39 | Null |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110.4 ± 14.1 | 114.3 ± 13.8 | 0.01 | −0.31 | Null |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.4 ± 9.2 | 74.7 ± 9.6 | 0.02 | −0.36 | Null |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 138.8 ± 81.1 | 184.2 ± 95.8 | <0.0001 | −0.37 | Null |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 48.1 ± 12.7 | 43.2 ± 12.6 | 0.0005 | 0.23 | Small |
| CRP | 2.8 ± 18.3 | 5.2 ± 27.7 | 0.31 | −0.14 | Null |
| WC (cm) | 87.7 ± 7.0 | 88.7 ± 7.9 | 0.21 | −0.75 | Null |
| CAP (dB/m) | 291.9 ± 26.5 | 296.3 ± 27.9 | 0.13 | −2.24 | Null |
| S1 | 45.1 (123) | 37.3 (44) | 0.18 | 0.94 | Large |
| S2 | 17.2 (47) | 21.2 (25) | 0.39 | 0.97 | Large |
| S3 | 34.8 (95) | 39.8 (47) | 0.36 | 0.95 | Large |
| kPa | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 0.257 | −0.25 | Null |
| Glucose abnormalities | 26.4 (72) | 44.9 (53) | 0.004 | 0.95 | Large |
| HBP abnormalities | 17.2 (47) | 31.4 (37) | 0.003 | 0.97 | Large |
| Triglycerides >150 | 32.6 (89) | 62.7 (74) | 0.0001 | 0.94 | Large |
| HDL abnormalities | 35.5 (97) | 62.7 (74) | 0.0001 | 0.94 | Large |
| CRP > 2.0 | 23.8 (65) | 44.9 (53) | 0.0001 | 0.96 | Large |
| WC abnormalities | 10.3 (28) | 18.6 (22) | 0.03 | 0.98 | Large |
DM: diabetes mellitus; HBP: high blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL: high density lipoprotein; CRP: C reactive protein; WC: waist circumference; CAP: controlled attenuation parameter.