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. 2022 Sep 25;19(19):12114. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912114

Table 2.

Quality assessment of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Study Selection Comparability Outcome Total Quality Score
Gasper 2021 [36] **** *** 7
Shraim 2019 [37] **** ** *** 9
Lee 2016 [30] **** ** *** 9
Shraim 2015 [15] **** ** *** 9
Gross 2009 [38] **** * *** 8
Webster 2007 [17] **** ** *** 9

Number of stars = score (* = 1, ** = 2, *** = 3, **** = 4).