Table 1.
Characteristics of the follow-up participants based on categories, 2021.
| Follow-Up | Drinking Categories Based on AUDIT | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-High-Risk (0–14) |
Nondrinker (0) |
Low-Risk (1–7) |
Medium-Risk (8–14) |
High-or-Over-Risk (≧15) |
High-Risk (15–19) |
Probable Alcohol Dependence (20–40) |
|||
| N = 15,854 | N = 15,091 (95.2%) |
N = 4719 (29.8%) |
N = 8749 (55.2%) |
N = 1623 (10.2%) |
N = 763 (4.8%) |
N = 404 (2.5%) |
N = 359 (2.3%) |
p Value * |
|
| Loneliness (Mean, SD) | 4.1 (±1.8) | 4.0 (±1.8) | 4.2 (±1.9) | 4.0 (±1.75) | 3.9 (±1.7) | 4.9 (±2.2) | 4.6 (±2.1) | 5.1 (±2.3) | <0.001 |
| Score < 6 (%) | 12,648 (80) | 12,172 (81) | 3669 (78) | 7157 (82) | 1346 (83) | 476 (62) | 273 (68) | 203 (57) | <0.001 |
| Score ≧ 6 (%) | 3206 (20) | 2919 (19) | 1050 (22) | 1592 (18) | 277 (17) | 287 (38) | 131 (32) | 156 (43) | |
| Age, year (Mean, SD) | 52.8 (±15.6) | 52.9 (±15.7) | 52.5 (±16.0) | 52.9 (±15.8) | 54.6 (±14.0) | 49.4 (±13.7) | 50.3 (±14.2) | 48.4 (±13.0) | <0.001 |
| 20–39 years (%) | 3513 (22) | 3337 (22) | 1144 (24) | 1942 (22) | 251 (15) | 176 (23) | 96 (24) | 80 (22) | <0.001 |
| 40–59 years (%) | 6246 (39) | 5855 (39) | 1778 (38) | 3381 (39) | 696 (43) | 391 (51) | 189 (47) | 202 (56) | |
| 60 or over (%) | 6095 (38) | 5899 (39) | 1797 (38) | 3426 (39) | 676 (42) | 196 (26) | 119 (29) | 77 (21) | |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Women | 7615 (48) | 7449 (49) | 2895 (61) | 4209 (48) | 345 (21) | 166 (22) | 69 (17) | 97 (27) | |
| Men | 8239 (52) | 7642 (51) | 1824 (39) | 4540 (52) | 1278 (79) | 597 (78) | 335 (83) | 262 (73) | |
| Education (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Low | 4899 (31) | 4647 (31) | 1704 (36) | 2483 (28) | 460 (28) | 252 (33) | 123 (30) | 129 (36) | |
| Middle | 3342 (21) | 3244 (22) | 1168 (25) | 1827 (21) | 249 (15) | 98 (13) | 47 (12) | 51 (14) | |
| High | 7613 (48) | 7200 (48) | 1847 (39) | 4439 (51) | 914 (56) | 413 (54) | 234 (58) | 179 (50) | |
| Marital status (%) | 0.919 | ||||||||
| Marriage | 10,121 (64) | 9631 (64) | 2792 (59) | 5687 (65) | 1152 (71) | 490 (64) | 271 (67) | 219 (61) | |
| No marriage | 4085 (26) | 3893 (26) | 1327 (28) | 2237 (26) | 329 (20) | 192 (25) | 96 (24) | 96 (27) | |
| Divorced/Widowed | 1648 (10) | 1567 (10) | 600 (13) | 825 (9) | 142 (9) | 81 (11) | 37 (9) | 44 (12) | |
| Living arrangements (%) | 0.004 | ||||||||
| Living with someone | 12,849 (81) | 12,261 (81) | 3788 (80) | 7155 (82) | 1318 (81) | 588 (77) | 322 (80) | 26,674) | |
| Living alone | 3005 (19) | 2830 (19) | 931 (20) | 1594 (18) | 305 (19) | 175 (23) | 82 (20) | 93 (26) | |
| Job (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Regular job | 6823 (43) | 6308 (42) | 1573 (33) | 3793 (43) | 942 (58) | 515 (68) | 279 (69) | 236 (66) | |
| Non-regular employee | 2964 (19) | 2856 (19) | 953 (20) | 1658 (19) | 245 (15) | 108 (14) | 52 (13) | 56 (16) | |
| No main income job as students/retiree/ housework |
3798 (24) | 3753 (25) | 1412 (30) | 2146 (25) | 195 (12) | 45 (6) | 23 (6) | 22 (6) | |
| Unemployed | 2269 (14) | 2174 (14) | 781 (17) | 1152 (13) | 241 (15) | 95 (12) | 50 (12) | 45 (13) | |
| Income (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Under 2 million yen | 2537 (16) | 2417 (16) | 960 (20) | 1229 (14) | 228 (14) | 120 (16) | 61 (15) | 59 (16) | |
| 2–4 million yen | 5769 (36) | 5491 (36) | 1634 (35) | 3283 (38) | 574 (35) | 278 (36) | 153 (38) | 125 (35) | |
| 4–6 million yen | 2550 (16) | 2403 (16) | 588 (12) | 1501 (17) | 314 (19) | 147 (19) | 72 (18) | 75 (21) | |
| 6–10 million yen | 1650 (10) | 1532 (10) | 322 (7) | 976 (11) | 234 (14) | 118 (15) | 71 (18) | 47 (13) | |
| 10 million or more | 367 (2) | 334 (2) | 77 (2) | 191 (2) | 66 (4) | 33 (4) | 21 (5) | 12 (3) | |
| Don’t know/want to answer |
2981 (19) | 2914 (19) | 1138 (24) | 1569 (18) | 207 (13) | 67 (9) | 26 (6) | 41 (11) | |
| Current smoker (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 12,763 (81) | 12,305 (82) | 4093 (87) | 7109 (81) | 1103 (68) | 458 (60) | 237 (59) | 221 (62) | |
| Yes | 3091 (20) | 2786 (18) | 626 (13) | 1640 (19) | 520 (32) | 305 (40) | 167 (41) | 138 (38) | |
| Psychological Distress (Mean, SD) | 4.6 (±5.6) | 4.5 (±5.5) | 4.8 (±5.8) | 4.3 (±5.3) | 4.4 (±5.5) | 7.3 (±6.6) | 6.6 (±5.9) | 8.1 (±7.2) | <0.001 |
| K6 < 13 (%) | 14,268 (90) | 13,669 (91) | 4214 (89) | 7992 (91) | 1463 (90) | 599 (79) | 334 (83) | 265 (74) | <0.001 |
| K6 ≧ 13 (%) | 1586 (10) | 1422 (9) | 505 (11) | 757 (9) | 160 (10) | 164 (21) | 70 (17) | 94 (26) | |
* The difference in mean and difference in proportion of each category was based on two drinking categories between non-high-risk drinking and high-risk drinking.