Table 1.
Subjects’ characteristics.
| Patients with PD | Controls | p | Early PD | Advanced PD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects (n) | 62 | 40 | - | 38 | 24 | - |
| Age (years) | 69.46 ± 7.5 | 67.2 ± 7.7 | 0.7 | 69.0 ± 8.6 | 70.1 ± 5.4 | 0.6 |
| Gender (male/female) | 36/26 | 15/25 | 0.07 | 22/16 | 14/10 | 0.8 |
| Mini Mental State Examination | 27.15 ± 2.7 | 28.5 ± 1.7 | 0.003 | 27.4 ± 2.7 | 26.8 ± 2.7 | 0.34 |
| Counting-backward test | 17.25 ± 6.6 | 12.9 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | 17.2 ± 7.3 | 17.2 ± 5.6 | 0.94 |
| Number of enunciated words in dual task | 23.54 ± 6.6 | 28.1 ± 6.0 | <0.001 | 23.5 ± 8.1 | 23.6 ± 5.7 | 0.97 |
| Disease duration (years) | 5.61 ± 4.8 | - | - | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 8.17 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg) | 513.24 ± 442.2 | - | - | 373.9 ± 259.7 | 699.1 ± 560.0 | 0.016 |
| Hoehn–Yahr stage (H–Y) (0–4) | 2.3 ± 0.9 | - | - | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 3.25 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Stage 1 (n) | 12 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stage 2 | 25 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stage 3 | 18 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stage 4 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rehabilitation treatment | ||||||
| Yes | 29 | - | 16 | 13 | ||
| No | 32 | - | 21 | 11 |