Table 5.

Univariate logistic regression analysis of association of dietary vitamins with self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy in individuals with diabetes.

	Quintile of Dietary Vitamins, OR (95% CI)
	1	2	3	4	5
Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)	1.00	0.98 (0.79–1.22)	1.06 (0.85–1.32)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)	0.81 (0.64–1.02)
Retinol (mcg)	1.00	1.23 (0.99–1.52)	0.94 (0.75–1.18)	0.94 (0.75–1.18)	1.03 (0.83–1.29)
Vitamin A (mcg)	1.00	0.93 (0.75–1.15)	0.83 (0.66–1.03)	0.93 (0.75–1.15)	0.74 (0.59–0.93)
Alpha-carotene (mcg)	1.00	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.70 (0.55–0.88)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)	0.93 (0.74–1.15)
Beta-carotene (mcg)	1.00	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	1.01 (0.81–1.25)	0.98 (0.80–1.23)	0.81 (0.65–1.02)
Beta-cryptoxanthin (mcg)	1.00	0.90 (0.72–1.13)	1.10 (0.88–1.37)	0.97 (0.77–1.21)	0.95 (0.76–1.19)
Lycopene (mcg)	1.00	0.78 (0.62–0.97)	0.73 (0.58–0.91)	0.89 (0.72–1.10)	0.85 (0.69–1.06)
Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg)	1.00	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.96 (0.77–1.20)	1.01 (0.81–1.25)	0.83 (0.66–1.04)
Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)	1.00	1.07 (0.86–1.34)	1.03 (0.82–1.28)	1.05 (0.84–1.31)	0.87 (0.69–1.10)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)	1.00	0.90 (0.72–1.26)	0.94 (0.75–1.17)	0.94 (0.76–1.18)	0.92 (0.74–1.15)
Niacin (mg)	1.00	0.94 (0.75–1.17)	0.97 (0.77–1.21)	1.02 (0.82–1.27)	0.94 (0.75–1.18)
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.00	0.98 (0.79–1.22)	0.97 (0.78–0.21)	0.88 (0.70–1.10)	0.91 (0.73–1.15)
Folate, DFE (mcg)	1.00	0.85 (0.68–1.06)	0.97 (0.78–1.20)	075 (0.60–0.95)	0.84 (0.67–1.05)
Total choline (mg)	1.00	1.20 (0.97–1.50)	0.88 (0.70–1.11)	0.99 (0.78–1.24)	1.16 (0.93–1.45)
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	1.00	0.80 (0.94–0.99)	0.94 (0.76–1.17)	0.92 (0.74–1.14)	0.86 (0.69–1.07)
Vitamin C (mg)	1.00	1.08 (0.87–1.34)	1.03 (0.83–1.29)	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	0.85 (0.68–1.07)
Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)	1.00	1.10 (0.88–1.37)	0.99 (0.79–1.24)	1.03 (0.83–1.30)	1.00 (0.80–1.25)
Vitamin K (mcg)	1.00	1.06 (0.85–1.33)	1.10 (0.89–1.38)	0.98 (0.78–1.22)	0.84 (0.66–1.06)

DFE, dietary folate equivalent.